Systems and techniques for digital twin framework for next generation networks are described herein. A digital twin model may be generated for physical nodes of an edge network. The digital twin model may include a digital twin for a physical node of the physical nodes. An error may be identified of the physical node or the digital twin for the physical node. The digital twin model may be updated to halt communication with the physical node or the digital twin of the physical node. A path may be created to another physical node or a digital twin of the another physical node in the digital twin model.

Apparatuses of systems that provide Safety Integration Levels (SILs) and Hardware Fault Tolerance (HFT) include a first die, the first die including first processing logic connected to a first connection and the first connection connected to second processing logic of a second die. The first die may further include a second connection to an input/output (I/O) channel where the second connection is coupled to the first processing logic. The apparatuses may further include a second die, the second die including second processing logic and a third connection from a secondary device coupled to the second processing logic. The secondary device is outside the system. The second processing logic is configured to select among three configurations based on signals from the second processing logic and the secondary device: sending first output data on the I/O output channel, sending second output data on the I/O output channel, or de-energizing the I/O channel.

A processing system encompasses several processing devices and a comparison device. A method for controlling the processing system encompasses: processing of identical information items by the processing devices using associated processing processes; furnishing a characteristic value of each processing process, respectively as a function of the processing that has occurred; and comparing the characteristic values by way of the comparison device and determining a defectively operating processing process on the basis of the comparison. The defectively operating processing process is replaced by a processing process restarted on the same processing device.

The present disclosure provides for synchronization of multi-core systems by monitoring a plurality of debug trace data streams for a redundantly operating system including a corresponding plurality of cores performing a task in parallel; in response to detecting a state difference on one debug trace data stream of the plurality of debug trace data streams relative to other debug trace data streams of the plurality of debug trace data streams: marking a given core associated with the one debug trace data stream as an affected core; and restarting the affected core.

Techniques are provided for metadata management for enabling automated switchover. An initial quorum vote may be performed before a node executes an operation associated with metadata comprising operational information and switchover information. After the initial quorum vote is performed, the node executes the operation upon one or more mailbox storage devices. Once the operation has executed, a final quorum vote is performed. The final quorum vote and the initial quorum vote are compared to determine whether the operation is to be designated as successful or failed, and whether any additional actions are to be performed.

A networked database management system (DBMS) is disclosed. In particular, the disclosed DBMS includes a plurality of nodes, one of which is elected as a designated leader. The designated leader is elected using a consensus algorithm, such as tabulated random votes, RAFT or PAXOS. The designated leader is responsible for managing open coding lines, and determining when to close an open coding line.

Methods and systems to detect and resolve failure in a distributed database system is described herein. A first node in the distributed database system can detect an interruption in communication with at least one other node in the distributed database system. This indicates a network failure. In response to detection of this failure, the first node starts a failure resolution protocol. This invokes coordinated broadcasts of respective lists of suspicious nodes among neighbor nodes. Each node compares its own list of suspicious nodes with its neighbors' lists of suspicious nodes to determine which nodes are still directly connected to each other. Each node determines the largest group of these directly connected nodes and whether or not it is in that group. If a node isn't in that group, it fails itself to resolve the network failure.

A lockstep controller operates a lockstep system of three or more CPU-GPU pairs, comparing the outputs from the CPU-GPU pairs and, by way of a majority vote, provides the output for the lockstep system. Based on comparing the outputs, if one of the CPU-GPU pairs provides outputs that disagree with the majority outputs, it can be switched out of the lockstep system. The removed CPU is replaced by a backup CPU. So that the backup CPU can be part of a CPU-GPU pair, a portion of the address space from the GPU of one of the other CPU-GPU pairs is assigned to the backup CPU to operate as a replacement CPU-GPU pair, while the CPU already associated with this GPU retains another portion of the GPU's address space to continue operating as a CPU-GPU pair.

A safety communication scheme for a safety-critical system which includes two or more higher level units that have voting capabilities and one or two sets of lower level units that do not have voting capabilities, involves using one channel between the high and low level units for safety and two channels for redundancy.

A tool for replacing a first database node of a database management system by a second database node. The tool receives an indication that the first database node received a data access request for accessing a database shared between the first database node and the second database node. The tool duplicates the data access request at the first database node. Responsive to a determination that the duplicated data access request includes a data changing statement and a previously executed statement, the tool modifies the duplicated data access request to prevent execution of the data changing statement and the previously executed statement at the second database node. The tool executes the modified duplicated data access request at the second database node. The tool replaces, based on a replacement condition being met, the first database node with the second database node in the database management system.