An electronic device, comprising: a first component configured to transmit a first set of data to a second component by providing a first memory request specifying the first set of data for and an input memory address, and a transaction tracking unit coupled to a first transport interface, the transaction tracking unit configured to: receive the first memory request; transmit a second memory request that specifies at least a first portion of the first set of data, via the first transport interface, to the second component; receive a response to the second memory request from the second component; determine that the response corresponds to the second memory request; and provide, to the first component, an output response based on the received response to the second memory request.

An abnormality is diagnosed in a control system including a plurality of controllers adopting a redundant configuration, a diagnosing apparatus that diagnoses a control system. The control system includes a plurality of controllers adopting a redundant configuration; and an interface apparatus that outputs control output data, which is based on a plurality of redundant pieces of control data received from the plurality of controllers, to a device under control. The diagnosing apparatus includes a statistical information acquiring section that acquires statistical information including adoption/non-adoption of the control data from each of the plurality of controllers in the interface apparatus; and a diagnosing section that diagnoses the control system based on the statistical information.

A computer system installed on board a carrier, communicating in a network with a data concentrator and with a monitor, and implementing at least one service that is critical for the operating safety of the carrier, the critical service being redundant in at least two instances (δ.sub.1, . . . δ.sub.m) on different respective computers (C.sub.1, . . . , C.sub.m) connected to the network, each computer (C.sub.k) implementing at least one software task implementing an instance (δ.sub.k) of the critical service being configured to implement the critical service by way of time control.

Methods, systems, and devices for forwarding a code word address are described. A memory subsystem, for example, may configure a code word including user data as a forwarded code word when the code word becomes unreliable or invalid close to or beyond an error recovery capability of the memory subsystem. The memory subsystem may configure the forwarded code word using a forwarded code word format and structure, which may include a bit field in the forwarded code word to indicate a code word condition and to store a quantity of duplicates of a forwarding address. When the memory subsystem receives a code word, the memory system may determine the code word as a forwarded code word such that the memory system may determine a forwarding address (e.g., from the code word). The memory subsystem may then use the forwarding address to access user data.

An electronic device, comprising: a first component configured to transmit a first set of data to a second component by providing a first memory request specifying the first set of data for and an input memory address, and a transaction tracking unit coupled to a first transport interface, the transaction tracking unit configured to: receive the first memory request; transmit a second memory request that specifies at least a first portion of the first set of data, via the first transport interface, to the second component; receive a response to the second memory request from the second component; determine that the response corresponds to the second memory request; and provide, to the first component, an output response based on the received response to the second memory request.

Methods, systems, and devices for forwarding a code word address are described. A memory subsystem, for example, may configure a code word including user data as a forwarded code word when the code word becomes unreliable or invalid close to or beyond an error recovery capability of the memory subsystem. The memory subsystem may configure the forwarded code word using a forwarded code word format and structure, which may include a bit field in the forwarded code word to indicate a code word condition and to store a quantity of duplicates of a forwarding address. When the memory subsystem receives a code word, the memory system may determine the code word as a forwarded code word such that the memory system may determine a forwarding address (e.g., from the code word). The memory subsystem may then use the forwarding address to access user data.

A method tests at least three devices, each device including a test chain having a plurality of positions storing test data. The testing includes comparing test data in a last position of the test chain of each of the devices, and shifting test data in the test chains of each of the devices and storing a result of the comparison in a first position of the test chains of each of the devices. The comparing and the shifting and storing are repeated until all the stored test data has been compared. The at least three devices may have a same functionality and a same structure.

Computer agents can be throttled individually. In an example, when a computer agent completes a work item, the computer agent reports this to a central component that maintains a vote value for that agent and that increases the respective vote value based on the completed work item. When the central component determines that system performance is sufficiently diminished, central component can throttle the performance of those computer agents having respective vote values above a predetermined threshold value.

A storage controller includes parallel input channels configured for simultaneously receiving data from substantially redundant memories, an error estimation unit, a decision unit, an error correction unit and a selection unit. The error estimation unit generates error information by estimating an error level of the plurality of data. The decision unit performs a logical operation on the plurality of data to generate operation data. The error correction unit generates error correction data by correcting an error of the operation data. The selection unit selects one of the operation data or the error correction data based on the error information.

A computer-implemented method for processing data for applications in the field of cloud computing and/or edge computing, for vehicles. The method includes: providing multiple computing services using at least two different hardware resources, and using the multiple computing services.