A storage system and method for validation of hints prior to garbage collection are provided. In one embodiment, a method is provided comprising receiving a command from a host to store data in a memory; storing, in the memory, the data and a hint that characterizes the data; determining whether the hint is still valid; and in response determining that the hint is still valid, using the hint in performing garbage collection. Other embodiments are provided.

A hardware functional module sends, to an aggregation module and in a standardized message format, first status information associated with the hardware functional module according to a first set of reporting rules via a first dedicated link. The firmware functional module sends, to the aggregation module and in the standardized message format, second status information associated with the firmware functional module according to a second set of reporting rules via a second dedicated link. The aggregation module aggregates the first status information in the standardized message format and the second status information in the standardized message format and inserts a timestamp to obtain a timestamped and aggregated message stream. The timestamped and aggregated message stream enables a visualization system to analyze the hardware functional module and the firmware functional module.

A method includes setting an order of input-output channels of a column of a first chiplet of multiple chiplets of a chiplet-based system, wherein one or more of the multiple chiplets include field-configurable input-output channels arranged at a periphery of the chiplets; and programming a second chiplet of the multiple chiplets to change an order of input-output channels of a column of the second chiplet to match the order of input-output channels of the column of the first chiplet.

The energy consumed by data transfer in a computing device may be reduced by transferring data that has been encoded in a manner that reduces the number of one “1” data values, the number of signal level transitions, or both. A data destination component of the computing device may receive data encoded in such a manner from a data source component of the computing device over a data communication interconnect, such as an off-chip interconnect. The data may be encoded using minimum Hamming weight encoding, which reduces the number of one “1” data values. The received data may be decoded using minimum Hamming weight decoding. For other computing devices, the data may be encoded using maximum Hamming weight encoding, which increases the number of one “1” data values while reducing the number of zero “0” values, if reducing the number of zero values reduces energy consumption.

Various embodiments provide a memory system architecture for heterogeneous memory technologies, which can be implemented by a memory sub-system. A memory system architecture of some embodiments can support servicing an individual command request using different (heterogeneous) memory technologies, such as different types of memory devices (e.g., heterogeneous memory devices), different types of memory device controllers (e.g., heterogeneous memory device controllers), different types of data paths (e.g., data paths with different protocols or protocol constrains), or some combination thereof. According to various embodiments, the memory system architecture uses tracking and management of multiple command responses to service a single command request from a host system.

A multi-rank memory system in which calibration operations are performed between a memory controller and one rank of memory while data is transferred between the controller and other ranks of memory. A memory controller performs a calibration operation that calibrates parameters pertaining to transmission of data via a first data bus between the memory controller and a memory device in a first rank of memory. While the controller performs the calibration operation, the controller also transfers data with a memory device in a second rank of memory via a second data bus.

Bandwidth for information transfers between devices is dynamically changed to accommodate transitions between power modes employed in a system. The bandwidth is changed by selectively enabling and disabling individual control links and data links that carry the information. During a highest bandwidth mode for the system, all of the data and control links are enabled to provide maximum information throughout. During one or more lower bandwidth modes for the system, at least one data link and/or at least one control link is disabled to reduce the power consumption of the devices. At least one data link and at least one control link remain enabled during each low bandwidth mode. For these links, the same signaling rate is used for both bandwidth modes to reduce latency that would otherwise be caused by changing signaling rates. Also, calibration information is generated for disabled links so that these links may be quickly brought back into service.

A data processing system includes a host and a memory system. The host stores a program command in a submission queue and store program data corresponding to the program command in a host data buffer. The memory system communicates with the host and configured to obtain the program data stored in the host data buffer based on an operation status of an internal buffer, transmit an early completion signal to the host after obtaining the program data corresponding to the program command, and transmit, to the host, a release request for releasing the program data from the host data buffer.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for identifying response data arriving out-of-order from two different memory types are disclosed. A computing system includes one or more clients for processing applications. A memory channel transfers memory traffic between a memory controller and a memory bus connected to each of a first memory and a second memory different from the first memory. The memory controller determines a given point in time when read data is to be scheduled to arrive on the memory bus from memory. The memory controller associates a unique identifier with the given point in time. The memory controller identifies a given command associated with the arriving read data based on the given point in time.

The energy consumed by data transfer in a computing device may be reduced by transferring data that has been encoded in a manner that reduces the number of one “1” data values, the number of signal level transitions, or both. A data destination component of the computing device may receive data encoded in such a manner from a data source component of the computing device over a data communication interconnect, such as an off-chip interconnect. The data may be encoded using minimum Hamming weight encoding, which reduces the number of one “1” data values. The received data may be decoded using minimum Hamming weight decoding. For other computing devices, the data may be encoded using maximum Hamming weight encoding, which increases the number of one “1” data values while reducing the number of zero “0” values, if reducing the number of zero values reduces energy consumption.