In one embodiment, a self-describing fiducial includes a communication element that optically communicates navigation-aiding information. The navigation-aiding information may include a position of the self-describing fiducial with respect to one or more coordinate systems and the communication element communicates the navigation-aiding information to one or more navigating objects in the vicinity of the self-describing fiducial. In another embodiment, the communication element is further configured to communicate supplementary information describing a spatial relationship between the self-describing fiducial and the surrounding environment.

An integrated certification system is a system for performing integrated certification on products to which genuine-product certification labels are attached. The integrated certification system includes an integrated certification management server. The integrated certification management server includes a distribution management module configured to acquire distributor identification information and a distribution number of each of the products from each distributor and match the distribution number to an identification number assigned to a corresponding distributor and a genuine-product certification module configured to receive a genuine-product certification request including user-related information and an identification number extracted from each of the genuine-product certification labels from a user terminal and perform genuine-product certification according to the received genuine-product certification request.

A navigation system for an automated guided vehicle comprises a set of marking elements which are to be arranged in grid form on the floor and in which navigation information is encoded; a sensor device to be arranged at the automated guided vehicle for reading navigation data from the marking elements; and an evaluation device connected to the sensor device for generating control signals for the automated guided vehicle with reference to read navigation data. Each of the marking elements has at least two graphical code patterns that are each designed as one-dimensional code patterns and comprise a code applied along a scanning direction, with the scanning directions of the at least two graphical code patterns being aligned offset from one another by an angular offset.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus to determine the position of an image sensor relative to a predetermined continuous pattern of colors and/or objects based on the images said patterns of colors and/or objects produces within the image sensor.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for providing a code pattern which is readable by a sensor is conceived, the method comprising: defining a plurality of coding positions as a subset of positions in a two-dimensional matrix; including in said subset a plurality of positions which are diagonally adjacent to each other; selectively creating coding marks, such as coding dots, at the coding positions. In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, a corresponding code pattern is provided.

A device for identifying an aluminum alloy die-cast hub includes a laser scanning means, a controller and a computer, in which the laser scanning means includes an image sensor and is configured to shoot an image from the surface of the aluminum alloy die-cast hub; the controller and the computer are in data connection with the image sensor, and the model information of the hub is read from bar code information.

A data storage medium includes a convexoconcave structure formed in a storage area which is set on a first surface of a quartz glass substrate. The storage area includes a plurality of unit storage areas which are arrayed at least in one direction, and non-data storage areas which are disposed between the unit storage areas, which are adjacent to each other. The convexoconcave structure includes unit data patterns, address patterns and boundary patterns. The unit data patterns are formed in the plurality of unit storage areas respectively in the array sequence of the unit storage areas, and the address patterns are formed in the non-data storage areas so as to correspond to each of the unit storage areas in which the unit data patterns are formed respectively.

Methods and apparatuses are described for generating a quick response (QR) grid that represents electronic data associated with a digital document. A server captures electronic data associated with a digital document, the electronic data comprising a plurality of key-value pairs. The server determines a total size of the electronic data and partitions the electronic data into two or more portions. The server generates a map of QR codes based upon the two or more portions of electronic data, each QR code in the map comprising a header, a footer, and a payload containing one of the two or more portions of electronic data. The server creates a QR grid using the map of QR codes. The server prints a physical document that corresponds to the digital document, the physical document including the created QR grid.

A system and method comprises marking or identifying an object to be perceptible to robot, while being invisible or substantially invisible to humans. Such marking can facilitate interaction and navigation by the robot, and can create a machine or robot navigable environment for the robot. The machine readable indicia can comprise symbols that can be perceived and interpreted by the robot. The robot can utilize a camera with an image sensor to see the indicia. In addition, the indicia can be invisible or substantially invisible to the unaided human eye so that such indicia does not create an unpleasant environment for humans, and remains aesthetically pleasing to humans. For example, the indicia can reflect UV light, while the image sensor of the robot can be capable of detecting such UV light. Thus, the indicia can be perceived by the robot, while not interfering with the aesthetics of the environment.

Techniques for generating and processing two-dimensional barcodes are described. One example method includes identifying original content to be encoded in a two-dimensional (2D) barcode structure; and generating a 2D barcode associated with the original content based on at least the 2D barcode structure and the original content, wherein the 2D barcode structure includes at least an identification field and a data field, and the identification field indicates one or more data elements in the data field.