A financial instrument trading system is provided which allows for the establishment and trading of cryptographic difficulty-based financial instruments using physical delivery of the underlying cryptocurrency. The cryptographic difficulty-based financial instruments are based on an expected value including the predetermined reward per block of cryptocurrency, a predetermined hashrate, a predetermined financial instrument length, the predetermined nonce value of the underlying cryptocurrency, and the current difficulty level employed by the underlying cryptocurrency, and may vary as the difficulty level varies. The clearinghouse settlement system calculates daily variation margin in valuation of the financial instrument and provides for physical delivery of the underlying cryptocurrency to satisfy the variation margin.

A system and method for tracking and validating value of a vehicle, includes a memory device, a wireless communication device, authentication processor that authenticates the vehicle and generates one or more security keys, and a processor maintaining a token linked to the vehicle that designates the vehicle as a stake. The processor executes instructions to when a condition change event of the vehicle occurs, receive information of a change of state from the vehicle, generate a message including the change of state information, sign the message with a private key, transmit the signed message using the wireless communication device, choosing a node of a blockchain distributed network, evaluating, via the chosen node, the signed message in accordance with distributed contract rules to determine an updated token value and a residual token, and receive and maintain the updated token value and the residual token.

Systems and methods are provided for generating and managing dynamic customized electronic tokens for electronic device interactions. A system for transferring data between a user device associated with a user and a remote device may include a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to execute the stored instructions. The stored instructions may configure the processor to receive, via a network, transaction information from the remote device, access information associated with an electronic token, and provide the electronic token to the remote device. The electronic token may be associated with at least one of the user or the user device, and a token server may generate the electronic token based on the received transaction information, and determine one or more expiration parameters for the electronic token.

A digital/virtual gift product is provided for generation and customization by a giver through a service provider and for receipt by a recipient for use with a merchant. The digital/virtual gift product includes: a representation of a monetary gift value selected by the giver and depicted on the digital/virtual gift product for use and redemption with a preselected merchant; a merchant identification depicted on the digital/virtual gift product to identify the preselected merchant, selected by the giver, and at which preselected merchant the digital/virtual gift product is redeemable; and a giver identification to identify the giver of the digital/virtual gift product to the recipient and to the merchant. At least one system and associated methods also are disclosed for creating, customizing, and tracking multiple digital/virtual gift products.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, in which a method includes attributing a value to a pre-paid payment instrument, determining an expiration time associated with the pre-paid payment instrument, and automatically return an un-used portion of value associated with the pre-paid payment instrument at the expiration time to the purchaser.

Systems and methods for providing token-based loan products having fixed and/or quasi-floating interest rates keyed to an elapsed amount of time between issuance of loaned tokens and the time (i) the tokens are returned by the first network participant as repayment, (ii) the loan is paid off by the first network participant in fiat-cash, (iii) the tokens are exchanged for fiat currency by either the first network participant or a direct or indirect payee of the first network participant.

A financial instrument trading system is provided which allows for the establishment and trading of cryptographic difficulty-based financial instruments using physical delivery of the underlying cryptocurrency. The cryptographic difficulty-based financial instruments are based on an expected value including the predetermined reward per block of cryptocurrency, a predetermined hashrate, a predetermined financial instrument length, the predetermined nonce value of the underlying cryptocurrency, and the current difficulty level employed by the underlying cryptocurrency, and may vary as the difficulty level varies. The clearinghouse settlement system calculates daily variation margin in valuation of the financial instrument and provides for physical delivery of the underlying cryptocurrency to satisfy the variation margin.

Systems and methods are provided for generating and managing dynamic customized electronic tokens for electronic device interactions. A system for transferring data between a user device associated with a user and a remote device may include a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to execute the stored instructions. The stored instructions may configure the processor to receive, via a network, transaction information from the remote device, access information associated with an electronic token, and provide the electronic token to the remote device. The electronic token may be associated with at least one of the user or the user device, and a token server may generate the electronic token based on the received transaction information, and determine one or more expiration parameters for the electronic token.

A method for managing a time-based currency includes steps of: receiving a credit-issuance request containing a user identifier and a value K; based on the credit-issuance request, generating a credit-issuance instruction containing the value K and a user account corresponding to the user identifier; and sending the credit-issuance instruction to a blockchain system, in order for the blockchain system to generate a transaction record in the blockchain, the transaction record indicating that K number of time credits having a base time point corresponding to a time point when the transaction record is generated have been added to the user account.

Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and apparatuses, including computer programs stored on computer-readable media, for protecting sensitive data of a transaction activity based on a smart contract in a blockchain. One of the methods includes: receiving activity data for creating an account for the transaction activity from a user, the activity data including at least an identifier of the smart contract in the blockchain and an expiration time of the transaction activity; sending the activity data to an authentication server for requesting a digital certificate of the activity data, wherein the digital certificate stores the identifier of the smart contract, and an expiration time of the digital certificate is set to be the expiration time of the transaction activity; and causing the account for the transaction activity to be created after to receiving the digital certificate from the authentication server.