A unified wallet manager (UWM) virtualized as a single virtual service in which all transactions relative to the UWM are treated as immutable facts permanently stored in append-only queues or ledgers from the time of their creation. A rules engine reads conversion requests in request calls to the service, and determines which rule or rules to apply to convert funds from one ledger to another, in the same or different vertically scaled gaming systems. The UWM is a peer of other vertical gaming systems, and the gaming systems access the UWM via an API server and data egresses from the UWM through an ETL process from a database cluster. The immutable queues allow for data reconstruction using any desired data model. The ledger stores funds of many different types, including real money, points, play money, and others. Third parties can integrate with the UWM through an integration hub connected to the UWM.

Methods and systems are disclosed for transactions with a private digital currency. The private e-currency may be backed by a financial institution, managed using a blockchain, and only available for transactions with members of a network associated with the financial institution. The members may include mobile wallets, merchants and ATM's. A mobile wallet may register with the network and receive an amount of the private e-currency from the financial institution. The mobile wallet may establish a connection with a payment recipient such as another wallet, an ATM or a merchant, and receive a payee address. The mobile wallet may send a transaction request to the blockchain for payment to the payee address of a payment amount of the private e-currency, so that the payment recipient can, using a blockchain, confirm or deny the transaction request.

Systems and methods for selling virtual items on multiple online sales platforms simultaneously are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: receive a sales request that indicates the selling user will be offering for sale a particular virtual item through at least two online sales platforms simultaneously; assign ownership of the particular virtual item temporarily to a holding account; generate sales listings of the particular virtual item for publications on the at least two online sales platforms; effectuate the publications of the sales listings; receive indications of offers to purchase the particular virtual item; determine an accepted offer that is accepted; notify the at least two online sales platforms of whether the offers have been accepted or denied; identify a buyer's account of the buying user; effectuate assignment of the ownership of the particular virtual item to the buyer's account.

Example methods, apparatuses, and systems are presented that allows a consumer to conduct a purchase backed by a volatile currency that is not recognized by a merchant as a valid form of payment, such as a cryptocurrency. A third-party payment system is configured to issue a secure, reliable token to replace a reserved amount of volatile currency that represents a reliable amount of currency that is recognized by the merchant as a valid form of payment. The third-party payment platform may issue the reliable amount of currency in the reliable token based on one or more risk factors associated with the volatile currency. After purchase, the third-party payment platform may perform a consumer settlement process at a later time, including performing a cryptocurrency blockchain verification process that typically takes at least several minutes and would be impractical to perform at the point of sale.

A computer-implemented method for implementing a system for issuing digital coins using a blockchain, wherein each digital coin is issued by an issuing party and represents an amount of an asset redeemable by a redeeming party in exchange for the digital coin, wherein the issuing party maintains a record of coin serial numbers, each coin serial number representing a respective digital coin; the method being performed by the issuing party and comprising: obtaining a spending transaction comprising a first one of a set of coin serial numbers; determining whether the first coin serial number is present in the database; and in response to one or more conditions being met, transferring the amount of the asset represented by the first coin serial number to the redeeming party, wherein a first one of the conditions is that the first coin serial number is not present in the database.

Provided in the embodiments of the present invention are a traffic accident handling method and device, and a storage medium. The traffic accident handling method includes: acquiring first accident data when a first vehicle has a traffic accident, wherein a first traffic accident handling device has an associative relationship with the first vehicle; on the basis of the first accident data, performing accident penalty determination processing to obtain a first penalty determination result; receiving a second penalty determination result sent by a second traffic accident handling device, wherein the second traffic accident handling device has an associative relationship with a second vehicle in the traffic accident other than the first vehicle, the second traffic accident handling device corresponds to a second node in a blockchain network and runs a smart contract, and the second penalty determination result is obtained by the second traffic accident handling device performing accident penalty determination processing on the traffic accident by means of the smart contract; and on the basis of the first penalty determination result and the second penalty determination result, determining a first target penalty determination result.

Systems and methods for receiving an indication authorized by a first entity to transfer ownership rights in a token to a second entity are provided. The indication comprises a set of verifiable qualifications associated with the second entity, the token comprising a record of a first value associated with the token, a record of at least a set of restrictions associated with the token, and a reference to an executable program. In response to execution of the executable program, committing to one or more records of an electronic ledger in the electronic ledger platform at least one of: the transfer of the token to the second entity in exchange for currency corresponding to the first value, in response to determining that the second entity is qualified for the ownership of the token based on an evaluation of the set of verifiable qualifications and the set of restrictions.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for reliable cryptocurrency rebroadcasting. According to certain embodiments, after an initial transaction broadcast disclosed systems listen to a blockchain to determine if the transaction was included in the blockchain. If, after a short time period, the transaction is not confirmed, a transaction database record for the transaction is locked to prevent inadvertent rebroadcast. While the record is locked, the transaction format and replay information are verified, and depending on the blockchain, is updated. For blockchains having a transaction fee, the system reviews recent transactions to determine appropriate fees and if needed, updates the transaction fee accompanying the transaction. Once the replay information is verified/updated, and the transaction fee is sized appropriately, the database record is unlocked and the transaction is rebroadcasted.

The present disclosure generally relates to an application program in an ICD on the user device that is actually a real-time, double entry, biometrics-activated interactive ledger system for payment and other transactions. The ePassbook is a digital cash payment system that would approximate or even be better than real cash payment in terms of efficiency, cost, convenience, security, and service. The ePassbook is a ledger system in the ICD on the user's device that shall enable the opening of prepaid accounts, make transactions, check credit cards, debit cards, and account balances, etc. on a user device, for example, a smartphone. The ePassbook allows a buyer to initiate a payment transaction upon selection of a payment method displayed on the first user device via the ledger A or, accept the payment by a receiver or a merchant via the second ledger/ledger B on the second user device. The ePassbook is a real-time biometrics-activated double-entry and interactive ledger system in the ICD on the user's device that is connected to and is part of a broader real time double entry and interactive general ledger system that resides in a server.

An electronic device receives, from a user, a restriction that restricts how sound of a digital asset plays to non-owners of the digital asset that is tokenized as a non-fungible token (NFT). One or more electronic devices tokenize the digital asset as the NFT on a blockchain that stores the restriction how the sound of the digital asset plays to the non-owners of the NFT.