An online system selects advertisements for a user based on characteristics of the user. The online system presents advertisements to the user having targeting criteria satisfied by the characteristics of the user. To increase the number of users eligible to be presented with an advertisement, the online system increases the users eligible to be presented with the advertisement to include users that do not meet targeting criteria included in the advertisement. The online system obtains a percentile of users based on a performance metric associated with the advertisement and determines a cutoff measure of affinity based on the percentile and measures of affinity between various users and the advertisement. A user is eligible to be presented with the advertisement if a measure of affinity between the user and the advertisement is greater than the cutoff measure of affinity for the advertisement.

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to perform computer-based monitoring of audiences of network-based media using information theory to estimate intermediate level unions are disclosed. An example apparatus to determine a deduplicated, census-based audience metric of media includes panel union calculator circuitry to calculate a threshold statistic corresponding to an intermediate union of a panel hierarchy, and census union calculator circuitry to calculate a deduplicated audience value corresponding to the intermediate union of the census hierarchy based on the threshold statistic.

A system includes a network interface, a processing system, and a memory system. The memory system stores instructions that when executed by the processing system result in receiving a request and request data associated with a user from a web server and analyzing the request data to identify a primary offer associated with the request. A look-alike model is accessed to determine at least one secondary offer based on one or more of: the request, the request data, and the primary offer. The primary offer and the at least one secondary offer are provided for presentation to the user through a user interface.

The present disclosure relates to a system, method, and apparatus that incentivizes users to give thoughtful answers when completing reviews by only rewarding a portion of users that complete the reviews. An item (e.g., an advertisement, product design, or logo) may be presented to a number of users along with a query about the item. Answers may be received from the users and a comparison value may be calculated for the answers. A deviation value may then be determined for each user between the answer the user provided and the comparison value. The number of users may then be ranked according to their respective deviation values with a lower deviation value corresponding to a lower ranking. One or more users with the lowest rankings may then be provided with a reward.

An e-commerce system is provided that tracks purchase transaction across multiple client devices. The e-commerce system stores hop information describing when a customer is exposed to a product of a vendor through an affiliate who advertises the vendor's products. The e-commerce system determines from the stored hop information which affiliate or affiliates to compensate for the sale of a product. This allows the e-commerce system to determine, after the sale, whether additional affiliates need to be compensated for the sale of the product based on the hop information.

Embodiments of a system and method for evaluating correction submissions with supporting evidence may include, subsequent to a submitter being provided with item description information for an item offered for sale, receiving a correction submission specified by the submitter. The correction submission may specify a proposed modification to an attribute(s) in the item description information. Embodiments may include generating a measure of risk associated with performing the proposed modification to the item description information. Embodiments may also include, based on an evaluation of the measure of risk and one or more risk criteria, generating an indication that specifies whether the proposed modification to the item description information is permitted to be performed. Embodiments may also include receiving information for confirming the validity of the correction submission, which may include an image (e.g., a product image), or a network address (e.g., a URL to manufacturers website), or other information described herein.

An e-commerce system is provided that tracks purchase transaction across multiple client devices. The e-commerce system stores hop information describing when a customer is exposed to a product of a vendor through an affiliate who advertises the vendor's products. The e-commerce system determines from the stored hop information which affiliate or affiliates to compensate for the sale of a product. This allows the e-commerce system to determine, after the sale, whether additional affiliates need to be compensated for the sale of the product based on the hop information.

Distributed muster includes distributing to different mobile devices an identity of an assigned muster location of an ocean-going vessel, and associating each mobile device both with a corresponding passenger of the ocean-going vessel, and also with the assigned muster location. Thereafter, a timer initiates that defines a period during which a muster drill must be completed by all of the passengers and, in response, a message is transmitted to each mobile device that the muster drill has commenced. During the period, as each mobile device is sensed within a geographically defined area of a correspondingly assigned muster location, a record of the completion of the muster drill by the passenger associated with the sensed mobile device is recorded in the memory. As well, subsequent to a lapsing of the timer, a listing is displayed of any passenger not recorded as having completed the muster drill.

The method and system allows for users to share and be rewarded for information submitted or actions performed, including reports containing messages, images, videos, and geolocation data, of any issues they encounter. The submissions can be shared with the appropriate organization and/or stored on a server, and uploaded to a blockchain to ensure that there is a permanent, tamper-proof record verifying the authenticity of all related transactions. Each submission or action can be verified to create a rating for each user. The system can additionally provide a trust rating for a municipality, facility, venue or organization itself as well. Such a trust rating can be a function of the number of reports submitted by users and the resolution of such reports. The system can have the ability to reward users with digital value in return for receiving and verifying authenticity of the information, and to provide such users with the ability to redeem those rewards for goods and services.

An electronic network is provided to facilitate an exchange of information. A database on a first computing system provides a data structure to organize records for the exchange of information. A request for information is sent from a first user on a second computing system to the electronic information exchange agent and stored in the data structure. The request for information has an offer of compensation for a response to the request for information. The response to the request for information is sent from a second user on a third computing system to the electronic information exchange agent and stored in the data structure. Revenue from the information exchange transaction generates residuals. Profit sharing motivates participation from the users. A portion of the compensation is reserved as an administrative fee for use of the electronic information exchange agent.