Provided are an illumination device and an electronic apparatus. The illumination device includes a light source configured to emit light, a surface light source layer configured to convert the light emitted from the light source to surface light, a focusing lens configured to focus the surface light from the surface light source layer, and a display panel including an aperture through which light focused by the focusing lens passes.

An inspection method according to the embodiments includes applying light of a light source to an inspection target; receiving light from the inspection target to obtain a first image of the inspection target by a sensor; based on an image of a first pattern comprising repetitive patterns unresolvable with a wavelength of the light source in the first image, calculating a deviation of luminance values with respect to each of first regions in the first pattern by a processor; obtaining a second image of the inspection target by the sensor; correcting luminance values of the second image by the processor based on the deviations of the luminance values; and comparing the repetitive patterns of the corrected second image with each other by a comparer.

A retroreflective optical system for creating a passive optical tag in an absence of electrical power, involving: a retroreflector having a surface and a retroreflective element disposed in relation to the surface, the retroreflective element configured to: passively impart a unique signature in relation to incoming light by using at least one of spectral filtration and color filtration, whereby a plasmonic response is effectible; and reflect outgoing light having the unique signature; and an optical device having an input aperture, the optical device disposed at a distance from the retroreflector and configured to transmit the incoming light and the outgoing light.

Examples of techniques for pedestrian accident avoidance are disclosed. Aspects include receiving, by a processor from a first sensor, an indication that a user is moving and activating, by the processor, a second sensor responsive to receiving the indication. Aspects also include detecting, via the second sensor, an obstacle in a path of the user and providing an alert to the user of the obstacle.

A gaze-tracking system for use in a head-mounted display apparatus. The gaze-tracking system includes at least one illuminator for emitting light pulses; at least one first optical element comprising a plurality of micro-to-nano-sized components, shaped and arranged relative to each other in a manner that, when incident thereupon, a structure of the light pulses is modified to produce structured light, wherein the produced structured light is used to illuminate a user's eye; at least one camera for capturing an image of reflections of the structured light from the user's eye, wherein the image is representative of a form and a position of the reflections on an image plane of the at least one camera; and a processor configured to control the at least one illuminator and the at least one camera, and to process the captured image to detect a gaze direction of the user.

[Problem to be Solved] Conventional devices for reproduction of holograms for appreciative viewing do not have any functionality to gate access to special content by exploiting the characteristics of the hologram. Further, a system that allows users to easily perform judgment of authenticity has been much awaited as, with holograms, although a counterfeit prevention effect can be expected visually, counterfeit imitations of the holograms themselves are already in circulation. [Means to Resolve the Problem] It is made possible to read holographic barcodes with such portable information consoles as smartphones to perform judgment of authenticity. In this process, by controlling from the portable information console side the light sources illuminating the hologram, it is possible to add a strong authenticity judgment function without a major increase in cost and also without building any special infrastructure.

The disclosure relates to a snow vehicle having at least one lighting element for orientation in the surroundings of the vehicle and for optical detection of obstacles and topographical conditions of the surroundings, wherein the lighting element is a laser having at least one laser beam, which projects a pattern having a structure on the ground of the surroundings, said pattern being distorted in a visually recognizable manner on the obstacle to be detected or on the topographical conditions.

The disclosure relates to a snow vehicle having at least one lighting element for orientation in the surroundings of the vehicle and for optical detection of obstacles and topographical conditions of the surroundings, wherein the lighting element is a laser having at least one laser beam, which projects a pattern having a structure on the ground of the surroundings, said pattern being distorted in a visually recognizable manner on the obstacle to be detected or on the topographical conditions.

A liveness detection method includes: controlling a display screen to display a color according to a predetermined color display sequence, the color display sequence including at least two different colors; capturing an image of a target object in a color display process of the display screen; acquiring a color change sequence of a face of the target object in the image over time; and determining whether the target object is live based on a matching relationship between the color display sequence and the color change sequence.

The present disclosure provides a detection method of a projector, a projector, and an electronic device. The method includes: obtaining a speckle pattern, the speckle pattern being an image generated by irradiating laser light generated by a light source in the projector onto an object by an optical element; and performing an abnormality detection on the projector according to the speckle pattern.