A vehicle control apparatus is mounted on a vehicle to perform wireless communication with a portable terminal. The vehicle control apparatus includes a first processor and a second processor. The first processor execute a first process to determine whether or not a wireless signal is a regular wireless signal transmitted from the portable terminal. The second processor executes a second process including an authentication of the portable terminal in response to the received wireless signal being determined to be the regular wireless signal, and does not execute the second process in response to the received wireless signal being determined to be not the regular wireless signal. Herein, a power consumption when the first processor executes the first process is smaller than a power consumption when the second processor executes the second process.

An encrypted security system and associated methods for controlling physical access are described. The system includes a security server configured to receive a request for authentication from a mobile device, the request including information identifying the mobile device and a physical access control device. The security server forwards an encryption message including a plurality of unique identifiers to the physical access control device via the mobile device. The physical access control device is configured to authenticate the plurality of unique identifiers in the encryption message and operate an access control mechanism.

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising: a memory configured to store a user key specific to a particular user or token; software code; a token relating to a second apparatus, the token comprising the user key and the software code, and at least one processing core configured to: participate in an interaction with the second apparatus, the interaction being based at least partly on the token and the user key and the interaction comprising transmitting the token to the second apparatus.

Methods and systems relating to administration of authentication information for electronic access control are disclosed. Authentication information is conveyed to an electronic locking device configured to restrict access to an entry point. In various embodiments, a smart device comprises a display screen for presenting a machine-readable optical code comprising encoded authentication information. An image sensor of the electronic locking device can decode the machine-readable optical code to obtain the authentication information. The electronic locking device is configured to permit access to the entry point in response to the image sensor detecting a machine-readable optical code corresponding to an access credential. A server device can provide authentication information to the smart device based on an access criterion. Conveying authentication information to the locking device may include rendering a webpage comprising the machine-readable optical code corresponding to the access credential.

Methods and systems relating to communication of authentication information in an access control system are disclosed. The authentication information is transmitted to an electronic locking device configured to restrict access to an entry point of the access control system. In various embodiments, a smart device comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) and a wireless networking radio for exchanging access control information with a remote server. The smart device may receive information from the remote server that configures the LED to present authentication information as an optical signal. According to various embodiments, the smart device may comprise a user interface display. Presentation of the authentication information may include rendering a webpage comprising a dynamic visual feature that changes visual content appearing on the user interface display so as to convey the authentication information as the optical signal emitted by the user interface display.

A vehicle control system includes an entry ECU that performs first authentication processing for access from an outside of a vehicle, a door control ECU that controls locking and unlocking of a door of the vehicle, and a central ECU, the entry ECU transmits a first startup request, which instructs to start up the central ECU, before executing the first authentication processing, and the central ECU transmits a second startup request which instructs to start up the door control ECU.

A method for passive access control including a mobile device serving as key and an interaction unit, the mobile device and the interaction unit having in each case at least one data communication facility for exchanging authorization information. Operations are provided for carrying out an electronic distance measurement between the mobile device and the interaction unit and for permitting an access and/or an interaction only if the distance of the mobile device from the interaction unit is within a permitted distance.

The subject-matter of the disclosure is a method for the intervention-free control of a vehicle locking system with a mobile terminal device, with the following steps: checking whether the mobile terminal device is located in a surrounding area of the vehicle, if so, authorizing the mobile terminal device in relation to the vehicle by means of a secured wireless point-to-point, two-way communication connection secured with a security key, and opening or locking the vehicle by means of the vehicle locking system if a difference between a current location position of the vehicle and a current location position of the mobile terminal device falls below or exceeds a predefined value in the surrounding area.

A locking and unlocking system includes: a portable terminal; a key unit; and a locking and unlocking device of a vehicle or facilities. The portable terminal includes a first sending unit sending first authentication information to the key unit. The key unit includes: a first storage unit; a first authentication unit performing authentication based on the first authentication information; a decryption unit decrypting second authentication information when the authentication by the first authentication unit is successful; and a second sending unit sending the second authentication information to the locking and unlocking device. The locking and unlocking device includes: a second authentication unit performing authentication based on the second authentication information; and a locking and unlocking unit locking or unlocking the vehicle or the facilities when the authentication by the second authentication unit is successful.

Techniques are disclosed relating to communication of authentication information in an access control system. Authentication information is transmitted to an electronic locking device configured to restrict access to an entry point of the access control system. A smart device comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) and a wireless networking radio for exchanging access control information with a remote server. The smart device may receive information from the remote server that configures the LED to present authentication information as an optical signal. The electronic locking device may comprise a photodetector arranged to receive the optical signal. According to various embodiments, the smart device may comprise a user interface display. Presentation of the authentication information may include rendering a webpage comprising a dynamic visual feature that changes visual content appearing on the user interface display so as to convey the authentication information as the optical signal emitted by the user interface display.