There is provided a method and a system for authorizing a user device to send a request to a vehicle in order to prevent a physical layer relay attack. The system comprises a vehicle comprising an acoustic transducer and an RF transceiver and a user device comprising an acoustic transducer and an RF transceiver. The method relates to a signaling scheme using a combination of acoustic and RF signals for preventing a successful physical layer relay attack.

A system including a reader device and a mobile device having a user credential. The reader device includes an ultrasonic transmitter configured to transmit an identifier, and a wireless transceiver configured to receive information from and transmit information to the mobile device. The identifier is configured to be received by a microphone of the mobile device. The mobile device may determine a position of the mobile device based on the identifier.

A position detecting apparatus includes: a communicator performing pairing with a user terminal and transmitting a first signal including authentication information to the paired user terminal; a signal output device outputting a second signal generated based on the authentication information to an inside of a vehicle; and a vehicle controller generating the first signal and the second signal after the pairing with the user terminal is completed, and when a device authentication result is received from the user terminal based on the first signal and the second signal, detecting a position of the user terminal based on the received device authentication result.

A frictionless access control system and method providing ultrasonic user location are disclosed. The access control system authorizes users within proximity of an access point such as a door, based upon user information (e.g. credentials) sent in RF wireless messages from user devices carried by the users. When the users are authorized, the system instructs the user devices to transmit coded acoustic signals. An positioning unit at the access point includes an ultrasonic microphone array, which is located above the access point and detects the acoustic signals. The positioning unit determines an angle of arrival (AoA) of the acoustic signals at microphones of the array, and determines positions of the users relative to the access point from the AoA. In one implementation, pre-authorized users are granted access when the determined positions of the users are within an inner zone of the access point.

Lock systems are disclosed. The lock system may include a lock unit and a separate base station. The lock unit may include one or more components maintained in a powered-off and/or low-power standby state when not in use. The lock unit may include a sound receiver. The lock unit may activate power to one or more components unit after detecting a predetermined activation sound transmitted by a sound transmitter on the base station. The lock unit and base station may include wireless communicators to communicate signals and/or information between the lock unit and base station after the lock unit is powered on. To conserve power, a lock unit may power down after a predetermined action has been completed, communication of a power down signal, and/or after a predetermined time period has elapsed.

A sound password unlocking method, comprises unlocking procedures: collecting a sound password signal that the user plays and performing the analog to digital conversion (11); Inputting the converted sound password signal to a reference signal input end of an adaptive noise cancellation module; inputting an original signal to an original signal input end of the adaptive noise cancellation module; producing a first output signal in adaptive noise cancellation (12); Calculating the difference between the first output signal and the original signal (13); Comparing the difference between the first output signal and the original signal with a standard difference; determining the sound password is correct if the two difference values are identical and enabling the motor to drive a lock cylinder to open otherwise no unlock operation executed (14). The sound password unlocking method provided by the present invention, based on adaptive noise cancellation is hard to be cracked, which is reliable and safe. The lock could be locked by sound password recognition.

In a gate pass management system, a first reception unit having a first reception range receives a first RF signal including identification information of a mobile device. In the gate pass management system, a second reception unit having a second reception range, defined to be a range located closer to a predetermined area than the first reception range is, receives a second RF signal. In the gate pass management system, when the second RF signal is received after the first RF signal has been received, a decision is made that the mobile device be currently located within the second reception range.

An entry and starting system in an object has a control and transmission unit configured to use a radio link to interchange at least one radio signal and an ultrasonic link to interchange at least one ultrasonic signal with a portable electronic device. The control and transmission unit sets up a radio link to the portable electronic device and uses the electronic device via the radio link to stipulate at least one relevant parameter for a subsequent ultrasonic link. The control and transmission unit is additionally configured so as, following the stipulation of the parameters, to set up an ultrasonic link according to the previously determined parameters. The entry and starting system checks an authorization of the portable electronic device, the portable electronic device being detected as authorized if the at least one relevant parameter of a subsequent ultrasonic link is concordant with the at least one stipulated parameter.

A mobile device is configured to wirelessly authenticate with a reader device. The mobile device may receive an acoustic signal from a user, and a command may be determined based on the acoustic signal. The mobile device may transmit the command to the reader device if the mobile device and the reader device are authenticated. The reader device may receive the command, and may analyze the command to determine an action to be performed. The reader device may then perform the action if the mobile device is authorized to request the command to be performed.

There is provided a method and a system for authorizing a user device (102) to send a request to a vehicle (104) in order to prevent a physical layer relay attack. The system comprises a vehicle comprising an acoustic transducer (106) and an RF transceiver (108) and a user device comprising an acoustic transducer and an RF transceiver. The method relates to a signaling scheme using a combination of acoustic and RF signals for preventing a successful physical layer relay attack.