An electrowetting optical element, a method of manufacturing and a display including the same. The element includes a containment space containing a polar liquid relative to a non-polar liquid, immiscible with each other, a first electrode layer stack defining a first enclosing surface of the space and including a substrate, a first electrode layer, and an insulating layer having a hydrophobic first interface layer with the space, a second electrode layer stack defining a second enclosing surface of the space and including a superstrate and a second electrode layer having a second interface layer with the space and one or more cell walls fixedly mounted on the second stack and extending toward the first stack, for defining sides of the space. An end face of the walls adjacent the first stack faces the first layer in a loose manner, the second stack includes a thin film transistor electrode layer, and the walls are composed of electrically insulating material.

Disclosed is a drying-wetting separated filling method and a filling apparatus for an electrowetting display device. The filling method comprises filling a non-polar solution into pixel grids on a lower substrate of an electrowetting display device in air, and filling a polar solution to immediately cover the non-polar solution filled after filling the non-polar solution into the pixel grids. Compared with filling the non-polar solution into the polar solution, directly filling the non-polar solution in air has better filling uniformity, easier operation and control. With the method, the fillings of the polar solution and the non-polar solution are easy, having a higher filling efficiency, and no air bubble residue.

An electronic device has an electrically adjustable shutter. The shutter may be placed in a transparent state or a nontransparent state. The shutter may overlap a portion of a display, may overlap a liquid contact indictor or a structure with text in a device, or may overlap an optical component such as an optical proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, visible light-emitting diode or laser, infrared light-emitting diode or laser, visible light image sensor, or infrared light image sensor. Control circuitry in the electronic device may place the shutter in an opaque state to hide an overlapped component from view or may place the shutter in a transparent state to allow the overlapped component to transmit or receive light. The adjustable shutter may exhibit changes in its transmission spectrum in different modes of operation and may be used as a camera filter or neutral density filter.

An electronic device has an electrically adjustable shutter. The shutter may be placed in a transparent state or a nontransparent state. The shutter may overlap a portion of a display, may overlap a liquid contact indictor or a structure with text in a device, or may overlap an optical component such as an optical proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, visible light-emitting diode or laser, infrared light-emitting diode or laser, visible light image sensor, or infrared light image sensor. Control circuitry in the electronic device may place the shutter in an opaque state to hide an overlapped component from view or may place the shutter in a transparent state to allow the overlapped component to transmit or receive light. The adjustable shutter may exhibit changes in its transmission spectrum in different modes of operation and may be used as a camera filter or neutral density filter.

A panel includes a substrate, an array layer and an electrode array layer. The array layer is on a side of the substrate; the electrode array layer is on a side of the array layer away from the substrate; and the array layer includes an active layer, a gate metal layer and a source/drain metal layer. The substrate includes drive units arranged in an array, scan line groups, data lines extending in a second direction; and common signal lines extending in the second direction. The scan line group includes first scan lines and second scan lines, extending in a first direction. The first direction is perpendicular with the second direction. The electrode array layer includes drive electrodes arranged in an array; the drive electrodes correspond to the drive units; and the drive unit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor.

An electronic device has an electrically adjustable shutter. The shutter may be placed in a transparent state or a nontransparent state. The shutter may overlap a portion of a display, may overlap a liquid contact indictor or a structure with text in a device, or may overlap an optical component such as an optical proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, visible light-emitting diode or laser, infrared light-emitting diode or laser, visible light image sensor, or infrared light image sensor. Control circuitry in the electronic device may place the shutter in an opaque state to hide an overlapped component from view or may place the shutter in a transparent state to allow the overlapped component to transmit or receive light. The adjustable shutter may exhibit changes in its transmission spectrum in different modes of operation and may be used as a camera filter or neutral density filter.

A drive circuit and its drive method, and a panel and its drive method are provided. The drive circuit includes a step-up unit, a plurality of signal input terminals and a signal output terminal. The step-up unit includes a first module, a second module and a first capacitor. The first module is configured to transmit a signal of a third signal input terminal to a first electrode of the first capacitor. The second module is configured to transmit a signal of a fourth signal input terminal to a second electrode of the first capacitor at a first time period which generates a voltage difference between two electrodes of the first capacitor, and to transmit the signal of the fourth signal input terminal to the second electrode of the first capacitor at a second time period which further increases a signal of the first electrode of the first capacitor.

Methods and systems for driving an active matrix electrowetting on dielectric device including thin-film-transistors to increase the switching frequency of the propulsion electrodes beyond what is typical for line-by-line active matrix driving. By using a latching circuit, it is possible to selectively switch specific propulsion (pixel) electrodes between an “on” and an “off” state, wherein a propulsion electrode in an “on” state can be driven by a time varying drive voltage on the top electrode that is a much higher frequency than is typically possible with amorphous silicon thin-film-transistor arrays. The faster drive frequency improves the performance of electrowetting devices, especially when used with aqueous droplets having a high ionic strength.

A method of driving an active matrix electrowetting on dielectric device including thin-film-transistors to increase the switching frequency of the propulsion electrodes beyond what is typical for line-by-line active matrix driving. By grouping gate lines and simultaneously driving those gate lines as a gate block, a frame update can be completed much faster and, as a consequence, the overall drive frequency at the propulsion electrodes can be increased substantially. The faster drive frequency improves the performance of electrowetting devices, especially when used with aqueous droplets having a high ionic strength.

A panel includes a substrate, an array layer and an electrode array layer. The array layer is on a side of the substrate; the electrode array layer is on a side of the array layer away from the substrate; and the array layer includes an active layer, a gate metal layer and a source/drain metal layer. The substrate includes drive units arranged in an array, scan line groups, data lines extending in a second direction; and common signal lines extending in the second direction. The scan line group includes first scan lines and second scan lines, extending in a first direction. The first direction is perpendicular with the second direction. The electrode array layer includes drive electrodes arranged in an array; the drive electrodes correspond to the drive units; and the drive unit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor.