The presently disclosed technology teaches integrating disc drive electronics into a transducer head. Decreased electrical transit times and data processing times can be achieved by placing the electronics on or within the transducer head because electrical connections may be made physically shorter than in conventional systems. The electronics may include one or more of a control system circuit, a write driver, and/or a data buffer. The control system circuit generates a modified clock signal that has a fixed relation to phase and frequency of a bit-detected reference signal that corresponds to positions of patterned bits on the disc. The write driver writes outgoing data bits received from an external connection to off-head electronics directly to the writer synchronized with the modified clock signal. The data buffer stores and converts digital data bits sent from the off-head electronics to an analog signal that is synchronized with the modified clock signal.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk comprising servo data for defining a plurality of data tracks, including consecutive data tracks N1, N, and N+1. Data is written to data track N using a position error signal (PES) generated by reading the servo data, and a read track trajectory for data track N is generated based on the PES of the write. Data is read from data track N based on the read track trajectory for data track N.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk comprising a plurality of data tracks, including consecutive data tracks N1 and N. A first write to data track N is performed using a first position error signal (PES) representing a position of the head relative to the data tracks. A track squeeze metric is generated for data track N1 based on at least the first PES of the first write. The track squeeze metric for data track N1 is accumulated during the first write, and the first write is aborted when the accumulated track squeeze metric for data track N1 exceeds a first threshold.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk, a head including a write head that writes data to the disk, and a first read head and a second read head. that read data from the disk, and a controller that, in reading a first track of a first region of the disk, positions a middle portion of the first read head and. the second read head at a first track center of the first track, and in reading a second track of a second region. of the disk different from the first region, positions any one of the first read head and the second read. bead at a second track center of the second track.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk comprising servo data for defining a plurality of data tracks, wherein each data track comprises a plurality of data segments. First data is written to a first data segment of a first data track, and second data is written to a second data segment of a second data track. After writing the second data, a quality metric is measured for at least two off-track offsets of the first data segment. A track pitch is estimated between the first data segment and the second data segment based on the quality metrics, and a track trajectory is generated for the second data segment based on the estimated track pitch. Third data is written to the second data segment based on the track trajectory.

There are provided a memory system and an operating method thereof. A memory system includes: a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk including a first region and a second region different from the first region, a head that writes data on the disk and reads data from the disk, an actuator that positions the head on the disk, and a controller which positions the head by driving the actuator and writes data in the first region and the second region with the head, a skew angle of the head with respect to a circumferential direction of the disk varying within a first angle in the first region, and varying, in the second region, from a second angle larger than the first angle to a third angle larger than the first angle and the second angle.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a disk including a first region and a second region different from the first region, a head that writes data on the disk and reads data from the disk, an actuator that positions the head on the disk, and a controller which positions the head by driving the actuator and writes data in the first region and the second region with the head, a skew angle of the head with respect to a circumferential direction of the disk varying within a first angle in the first region, and varying, in the second region, from a second angle larger than the first angle to a third angle larger than the first angle and the second angle.

A method of forming a recording head for use with a data storage medium in a data storage device. The method includes forming first and second writers of different target geometries. A first recording measurement is performed on one or more storage media using the first writer. A second recording measurement is performed on the one or more storage media using the second writer. Based on a comparison of the first and second recording measurements to a predetermined quantity, either the first writer or the second writer is selected to be operational in the data storage device.

There are provided a memory system and an operating method thereof. A memory system includes: a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region.