A magnetism detecting element detects a leakage magnetism from a scale, on which a magnetic signal with a constant period is recorded, and a relative position between the scale and the magnetism detecting element is detected. The magnetism detecting elements are arranged, along a detection direction of the magnetic signal relative to the scale, in a pattern with a pitch of 1/2n (n is a prime number of 3 or more) of a wavelength of a signal output by the element. Furthermore, as the pattern for cancelling m odd-order harmonics, the m-th power of 2 magnetism detecting elements are arranged within a range in which a pitch distance L of the magnetism detecting element farthest in the detection direction is expressed by L=(/2)(1/3+1/5+1/7+ . . . 1/(2m+1)).

A magnetism detecting element detects a leakage magnetism from a scale, on which a magnetic signal with a constant period is recorded, and a relative position between the scale and the magnetism detecting element is detected. The magnetism detecting elements are arranged, along a detection direction of the magnetic signal relative to the scale, in a pattern with a pitch of n (n is a prime number of 3 or more) of a wavelength of a signal output by the element. Furthermore, as the pattern for cancelling m odd-order harmonics, the m-th power of 2 magnetism detecting elements are arranged within a range in which a pitch distance L of the magnetism detecting element farthest in the detection direction is expressed by L=(/2)(++ 1/7+ . . . 1/(2m+1)).

An electronic absolute position encoder comprises a scale, a detector and a signal processing configuration. The scale comprises a signal modulating scale pattern including a first periodic pattern component having a spatial wavelength .sub.1, and a second periodic pattern component having a spatial wavelength .sub.2. The detector comprises a set of first wavelength sensing elements comprising a first filtering subset of first wavelength sensing elements and a second filtering subset of first wavelength sensing elements including complementary pairs of sensing elements spaced apart by an integer number times 180 degrees of the spatial wavelength .sub.2. The detector comprises a set of second wavelength sensing elements comprises a first filtering subset of second wavelength sensing elements and a second filtering subset of second wavelength sensing elements including complementary pairs of sensing elements spaced apart by an integer number times 180 degrees of the spatial wavelength .sub.1.

An electronic absolute position encoder comprises a scale, a detector and a signal processing configuration. The scale comprises a signal modulating scale pattern including a first periodic pattern component having a spatial wavelength .sub.1, and a second periodic pattern component having a spatial wavelength .sub.2. The detector comprises a set of first wavelength sensing elements comprising a first filtering subset of first wavelength sensing elements and a second filtering subset of first wavelength sensing elements including complementary pairs of sensing elements spaced apart by an integer number times 180 degrees of the spatial wavelength .sub.2. The detector comprises a set of second wavelength sensing elements comprises a first filtering subset of second wavelength sensing elements and a second filtering subset of second wavelength sensing elements including complementary pairs of sensing elements spaced apart by an integer number times 180 degrees of the spatial wavelength .sub.1.

An inductive position-measuring device for absolute position determination includes a scale having a first measuring graduation extending in a measurement direction and a second measuring graduation disposed opposite to the first measuring graduation and extending parallel thereto. A scanner is disposed in a gap between the first measuring graduation and the second measuring graduation. The scanner is displaceable relative to the scale in the measurement direction for purposes of position measurement. The scanner includes a first coil arrangement for scanning the first measuring graduation and generating a first position-dependent scanning signal, and a second coil arrangement, disposed opposite to the first coil arrangement, for scanning the second measuring graduation and generating a second position-dependent scanning signal. At least one intermediate layer of soft magnetic material disposed between the first coil arrangement and the second coil arrangement.

An angle sensor is disclosed. The angle sensor has a disc, a first magnetic pattern disposed on a side of the disc and including a number N1 of first portions of spirals regularly distributed in a first ring, and a second magnetic pattern disposed on a side of the disc and including a number N2 of second portions of spirals regularly distributed in a second ring. The numbers N1 and N2 are coprime and N1 is different from N2, N21, and N2+1.

A multi-turn non-contact sensor includes a rotationally mounted driver magnet, and a rotationally mounted driven magnet. The driver magnet has a first number (P.sub.1) of magnetic poles and is configured to selectively receive a rotational drive torque and, upon receipt of the drive torque, to rotate about a first rotational axis. The driven magnet is spaced apart from, and is coupled to receive a magnetic force from, the driver magnet. The driven magnet has a second number (P.sub.2) of magnetic poles and is responsive to rotation of the driver magnet to rotate about a second rotational axis that is parallel to the first rotational axis. The driven magnet rotates one complete revolution each time the driver magnet rotates a predetermined number (N) of complete revolutions, P.sub.2>P.sub.1, and N=(P.sub.2/P.sub.1).

Provided is a position detecting apparatus, including: a scale including pattern arrays formed in different cycles in a movement direction; an obtaining unit configured to obtain signals in accordance with a the plurality of pattern arrays; a phase calculator configured to calculate a phase of signals; a synchronism calculator configured to calculate a relative positional relationship between the obtaining unit and the scale by performing synchronism calculation of the phases calculated by the phase calculator; a synchronization error calculator configured to calculate a synchronization error in the synchronism calculation; and a determining unit configured to determine whether or not the synchronism calculation is normal by comparing the synchronization error and a predetermined threshold value with each other.

A single-phase motor with positive and negative turn detection, including a rotor assembly, a master hall element, a secondary hall element, and a control assembly. The rotor assembly includes a magnetic ring and a permanent magnet. The magnetic ring includes magnetic strips that are connected end to end. The permanent magnet includes a plurality of magnetic ends. The master hall element is located at a lead position of the permanent magnet. A jitter point is defined between one magnetic end corresponding to the master hall element and one magnetic end adjacent to the master hall element in the clockwise direction. The secondary hall element is located on a side facing the counter clockwise direction of the master hall element. A first angle between the secondary hall element and the master hall element is greater than a second angle between the jitter point and the lead position.

A measurement system and method of manufacture can include: a magnet mounted on a rotatable shaft; a first magnetic sensing device for detecting a first magnetic field from the magnet, the first magnetic sensing device comprising: an angle sensor configured to detect an orientation of the first magnetic field and a magnetic multi-turn sensor configured to detect a number of turns of the first magnetic field; and a second magnetic sensing device comprising a magnetic target mounted on the rotatable shaft and an incremental sensor configured to detect a second magnetic field, the magnetic target comprises a track for inducing a change in the second magnetic field.