The rotation detection apparatus including an annular member, a scale member having flexibility and being fixed to a circumferential portion of the annular member, and a detector facing the scale member and configured to detect relative rotation between the scale member and the detector. The circumferential portion of the annular member includes multiple convex portions and multiple concave portions along a circumferential direction of the annular member. The scale member is in contact with the multiple convex portions. Both ends, in the circumferential direction, of the scale member are fixed to the circumferential portion.

An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a reflection-type optical encoder scale capable of sufficiently reducing the reflectance on a low reflection region. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a reflection-type optical encoder scale comprising a high reflection region and a low reflection region alternately placed on a substrate, wherein the low reflection region includes a low reflection portion including a metallic chromium film formed on the substrate, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film randomly formed on the metallic chromium film; and the high reflection region has higher reflectance of incident light from opposite side to the substrate of the reflection-type optical encoder scale, than the low reflection region.

An article of footwear, method, and motorized lacing system includes a motor, including a motor shaft, a spool, coupled to the motor shaft, configured to spool and unspool the lace based on the turning of the motor shaft, a processor circuit, and a three-dimensional encoder. The three-dimensional encoder defines a major axis and has a surface having a tabs extending from a drum, an optical sensor, positioned within optical range of the cylindrical encoder, configured to output a signal to the processor circuit indicative of a detected one of the tabs, and a beam break, positioned between the three-dimensional encoder and the optical sensor, forming a pair of slits. The optical sensor is positioned to view the tabs through the pair of slits, wherein the processor circuit is configured to operate the motor based, at least in part, on the signal as received from the optical sensor.

There is provided an optical encoder with alignable relative positions between elements including an encoding medium, a sensor package and a memory. The sensor package includes a photodiode array and two alignment photodiodes opposite to the encoding medium. The memory records an alignment pattern associated with output signals of the two alignment photodiodes when the encoding medium and the sensor package are at nominal operating positions. When the encoding medium and the sensor package are not at the nominal operating positions, the relative position alignment is performed by adjusting current relative positions between the encoding medium and the sensor package to cause a current pattern associated with output signals of the two alignment photodiodes to be identical to the alignment pattern.

The present disclosure provides a position detection device. The position detection device includes a movable unit, a light source unit and a color sensor. The movable unit can move along a moving direction and include one or more colored portions. The light source unit irradiates the colored portions with a light. The color sensor receives a reflected light reflected by the colored portions and detecting a color component.

An encoder includes rotatable plate including first and second patterns, light emission unit, and light receiving unit. The first pattern includes first and second unit regions. The first unit regions guide the light from light emission unit to the light receiving unit. The second unit regions are configured not to guide light from the light emission unit to the light receiving unit. The second pattern includes first and second unit regions. The first unit regions of the second pattern guide light from light emission unit to the light receiving unit. The second unit regions of the second pattern are configured not to guide light from the light emission unit to the light receiving unit. The first and second unit regions of the first pattern are reverse to the first and second unit regions of the second pattern in a direction perpendicular to a rotation direction of the rotatable plate.

A capacitive motor vehicle operating system is described, comprising a capacitive screen with an operator interface as well as a pressure- and rotational-actuation device which is formed separately from the capacitive screen, and which is electrically conductive in areas and is at least partially affixed to the operator interface of the capacitive screen. The pressure- and rotational-actuation device comprises at least one electrically conductive interaction element which interacts with the capacitive screen.

In an example, a circuit includes a first comparator, a second comparator, a pulse counter, a processor, a first ADC, and a second ADC. The first comparator has a first input coupled to a first node, a second input, and an output. The second comparator has a first input coupled to a second node, a second input, and an output. A first DAC is coupled to the second input of the first comparator. A second DAC is coupled to the second input of the second comparator. The pulse counter has a first input coupled to the output of the first comparator and a second input coupled to the output of the second comparator. The first ADC has an input coupled to the first node and an output coupled to the processor. The second ADC has an input coupled to the second node and an output coupled to the processor.

The present disclosure relates to medicament injection devices. An injection device includes: a movable dosage programming component comprising a rotary encoder system having a predefined angular periodicity, a sensor arrangement including a first optical sensor configured to detect movement of the movable dosage programming component relative to the sensor arrangement during dosing of a medicament, wherein the first optical sensor is configured to operate in a strobe-sampling mode at a first frequency, a second optical sensor configured to detect movement of the rotary encoder system relative to the second optical sensor wherein the second optical sensor is configured to operate in a strobe-sampling mode at a second frequency lower than the first frequency, and a processor arrangement configured to, based on the detected movement, determine a medicament dosage administered by the injection device.