Measurement method where a code projection which is dependent on a three-dimensional position of a code carrier relative to a sensor arrangement is generated on a sensor arrangement, and at least part of the code projection is captured. An angular position of the code carrier with reference to the defined axis of rotation is ascertained and a current measurement position of the measurement component relative to a base is determined, wherein, a position value for at least one further degree of freedom of the code carrier relative to the sensor arrangement is ascertained on the basis of the code projection and is taken into account to determine the current measurement position, and a relative position of the connecting element with respect to the holder and/or the deformation thereof is determined from the position value in the form of a change in shape or size.

An optical sensor including a light-emitting element, four light-receiving elements facing the light-emitting element, and a substrate at which the light-emitting element and the light-receiving elements are provided. The substrate includes a first portion at which the light-emitting element is provided and a second portion at which the light-receiving elements are provided, the first portion and the second portion being integrated. Respective distances from the four light-receiving elements to one point on a predetermined plane are equal, four line segments that connect the one point and centers of respective light-receiving regions of the four light-receiving elements form right angles with each other, and a normal line of the predetermined plane that passes through the one point passes through an emission point of the light of the light-emitting element or a center of an emission surface of the light of the light-emitting element.

A sensor including a generating unit; a detecting unit; a substrate; a member that exerts influence on an object to be detected; and a housing that includes a first housing that operably supports the member and a second housing to which a part of the substrate is fixed. The substrate includes a first portion provided with the generating unit and a second portion provided with the detecting unit that are integrated, and has a curved shape or a bent shape in which a surface of the first portion at which the generating unit is provided and a surface of the second portion at which the detecting unit is provided face each other. One of the first portion and the second portion is fixed to the second housing. A surface of the other of the first portion and the second portion adheres to the first housing.

An encoding device includes a sensing unit having a signal transmitting element and a signal receiving element. The signal transmitting element and the signal receiving element are respectively disposed on different carrier members. Accordingly, when performing the rectification and alignment processes between the signal receiving element and the signal unit, the other components are prevented from hindering the rectification and alignment processes, whereby the rectification and alignment processes can be easily performed.

A robot includes a first member, a second member that is provided to be turnable about a turning axis with respect to the first member, marks that are disposed around the turning axis on a surface of the second member, and a mark detection portion that is disposed in the first member and detects the marks.

The present invention mainly provides a precision calibration method for being applied in a high-precise rotary encoder system, wherein the primary technology feature of the precision calibration method is that: using a laser speckle image capturing module to capture N frames of laser speckle image from an optical position surface of a rotary encoding body, and then using image comparison libraries and particularly-designed mathematical equations to calculate N number of image displacements, so as to eventually calculate N number of primary variation angles and sub variation angles corresponding to the N frames of laser speckle image. Therefore, after the rotary encoding body is rotated by an arbitrary angle, an immediate angle coordinate can be precisely positioned according to the primary variation angles, the secondary variation angles and the N number of image displacements.

A position measuring instrument including a code carrier having first and second code tracks, each including an identical series of code elements, wherein each of the series of code elements has two subregions with complementary properties. A scanning unit having detectors for scanning code elements, wherein each of the code elements defines one corresponding code word, wherein each of the code words defines an absolute position in the measuring direction, and wherein the detectors form a corresponding scanning signal from each of the two subregions of the series of code elements. An evaluation unit generating one item of code information for each of the series of code elements from each corresponding scanning signal, and forming the corresponding code words from the one item of code information, wherein each of the code words is composed of N and K items of code information from successive code elements of the first and second code tracks, respectively, with N and K being greater than 1.

An optical position measuring instrument including a scale and a scanning unit, wherein the scanning unit and the scale are movable with respect to one another. The scanning unit includes a detector unit, and a reflector unit that has a first and second wave front correctors and a beam direction inverter. The reflector unit is disposed so that beams first pass through the scale and the first wave front corrector, then a back-reflection of partial beams is effected in a direction of the scale, and the partial beams then pass through the scale and the second wave front corrector before the partial beams then arrive at the detector unit, wherein it is ensured that wave front deformations of the partial beams are converted into wave front deformations that compensate for resultant wave front deformations of the partial beams upon a second diffraction at the scale.

An optical decoding system comprising: a first optical sensor configured to be directed at a first rotatable component of a drug delivery device; a second optical sensor configured to be directed at a second rotatable component of a drug delivery device; and a processor configured to: receive signals from the first optical sensor, wherein the signals from the first optical sensor represent encoded dosage values present on the first rotatable component; receive signals from the second optical sensor, wherein the signals from the second optical sensor represent whether the second rotatable component is rotating or not; and to determine from the received signals whether the drug delivery device is in a drug dose dialing mode or a drug dose delivery mode.

An encoder includes an optical scale that is so provided as to be pivotable around a pivotal axis and includes a polarizing portion having a polarization characteristic, a light outputting portion that outputs linearly polarized light toward the polarizing portion, and a light detecting portion that detects the linearly polarized light from the optical scale. The light outputting portion includes a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and light emitted from the vertical cavity surface emitting laser spreads at an angle greater than or equal to 5° but smaller than or equal to 20°.