A structural health monitoring sensor includes a first layer of micromachined planar foil welded to a target structure, the first layer having a cavity and groove formed therein, the groove extending from the first cavity to the exterior of the target structure. The sensor also having second layer of micromachined planar foil welded to the first layer, the second layer having a second cavity corresponding to the first cavity. The sensor also includes dielectric ceramic coating formed within the cavities and grooves to form a film resonator and film waveguide within the target structure. The resulting waveguide forming an opening on the exterior surface of the target structure. The sensor also includes an adapter attached to the exterior surface of the target structure at the waveguide opening and may be wireless.

The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal runaway management for lithium-ion batteries, and more particularly to a method for detecting and locating overheating in lithium-ion batteries or battery packs using temperature sensors. The temperature sensor is based on a shape memory alloy or bimetallic strips. The lithium-ion batteries or battery packs are equipped with these temperature sensors and arranged in a matrix configuration, enabling detection and localization of overheated batteries within the pack. This method addresses the challenge of identifying overheating in large-scale battery packs and energy storage power stations, thereby improving the efficiency of detection and localization. It also facilitates timely identification and precise location of batteries that may be undergoing thermal runaway.

The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal runaway management for lithium-ion batteries, and more particularly to a method for detecting and locating overheating in lithium-ion batteries or battery packs using temperature sensors. The temperature sensor is based on a shape memory alloy or bimetallic strips. The lithium-ion batteries or battery packs are equipped with these temperature sensors and arranged in a matrix configuration, enabling detection and localization of overheated batteries within the pack. This method addresses the challenge of identifying overheating in large-scale battery packs and energy storage power stations, thereby improving the efficiency of detection and localization. It also facilitates timely identification and precise location of batteries that may be undergoing thermal runaway.