A system and a method capable of identifying a heat source position corresponding to a failure portion are provided. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a semiconductor device, and includes a tester that applies an AC signal to the semiconductor device, an infrared camera that detects light from the semiconductor device according to the AC signal and outputs a detection signal, and a data analysis unit that identifies the heat source position based on the detection signal.

A technique for measuring the resistance of a resistive element 4 in the presence of a series diode is provided. By supplying three different currents I.sub.1, I.sub.2, I.sub.3 and measuring corresponding voltages V.sub.1, V.sub.2, V.sub.3 across the resistive element and diode, the voltages can be combined to at least partially eliminate an error in the measured resistance of the resistive element caused by a voltage drop across the diode. A technique for current control in an array of resistive elements is also described in which a column of resistive elements is provided with two or more current sources switched so that while one current source is providing current to the column line corresponding to a selected resistive element, another current source has its amount of current adjusted.

A device for local temperature measurement that is suitable for taking temperature measurements of an immediate vicinity of said device. The device comprises: a cell comprising a heat-conductive base and at least one first material having a predetermined fixed state-change temperature and arranged in said base; a heat-energy transfer device thermally connected to said base and said at least one first material; a local temperature measurement probe received in said base and in thermal contact with said at least one first material, the heat-energy transfer device being suitable for causing a change of state of said first material in order to carry out at least one metrological verification of the local temperature measurement probe. An associated cell and method for use are also provided.

A device for local temperature measurement that is suitable for taking temperature measurements of an immediate vicinity of said device. The device comprises: a cell comprising a heat-conductive base and at least one first material having a predetermined fixed state-change temperature and arranged in said base; a heat-energy transfer device thermally connected to said base and said at least one first material; a local temperature measurement probe received in said base and in thermal contact with said at least one first material, the heat-energy transfer device being suitable for causing a change of state of said first material in order to carry out at least one metrological verification of the local temperature measurement probe. An associated cell and method for use are also provided.

The invention relates to a measurement apparatus for measuring an energy quantity flow transported by means of a liquefied natural gas flow, comprising an ultrasonic measurement device that is configured to measure the flow velocity of the liquefied natural gas flow and the sound velocity in the liquefied natural gas flow based on determined transit times of ultrasonic signals transmitted and received with and against the flow of the liquefied natural gas flow on a measurement path; a temperature sensor that is configured to measure the temperature of the liquefied natural gas flow; and an evaluation unit that is connected to the ultrasonic measurement device and the temperature sensor to receive respective measurement values for the flow velocity, the sound velocity and the temperature, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to determine the volume flow of the liquefied natural gas flow at least based on the flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the liquefied natural gas flow, to determine the volume-related calorific value of the liquefied natural gas flow at least based on the sound velocity and the temperature by means of a model function, and to determine the transported energy quantity flow based on the determined volume flow and the determined volume-related calorific value, wherein the model function is determined based on a data set that specifies the volume-related calorific value of a respective composition for a plurality of different compositions of liquefied natural gas. The invention further relates to a measurement apparatus for measuring an energy quantity flow transported by means of a liquefied natural gas flow using a mass flow meter and to corresponding methods.

The invention relates to a measurement apparatus for measuring an energy quantity flow transported by means of a liquefied natural gas flow, comprising an ultrasonic measurement device that is configured to measure the flow velocity of the liquefied natural gas flow and the sound velocity in the liquefied natural gas flow based on determined transit times of ultrasonic signals transmitted and received with and against the flow of the liquefied natural gas flow on a measurement path; a temperature sensor that is configured to measure the temperature of the liquefied natural gas flow; and an evaluation unit that is connected to the ultrasonic measurement device and the temperature sensor to receive respective measurement values for the flow velocity, the sound velocity and the temperature, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to determine the volume flow of the liquefied natural gas flow at least based on the flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the liquefied natural gas flow, to determine the volume-related calorific value of the liquefied natural gas flow at least based on the sound velocity and the temperature by means of a model function, and to determine the transported energy quantity flow based on the determined volume flow and the determined volume-related calorific value, wherein the model function is determined based on a data set that specifies the volume-related calorific value of a respective composition for a plurality of different compositions of liquefied natural gas. The invention further relates to a measurement apparatus for measuring an energy quantity flow transported by means of a liquefied natural gas flow using a mass flow meter and to corresponding methods.

A composite sensor includes a first sensor configured to detect a first physical quantity; a second sensor as a sensor of a different type from the first sensor, the second sensor being configured to detect a second physical quantity identical to or correlating with the first physical quantity; and an internal control unit configured to perform failure diagnosis for at least one of the first sensor or the second sensor by comparison between a detection result of the first sensor and a detection result of the second sensor.

A composite sensor includes a first sensor configured to detect a first physical quantity; a second sensor as a sensor of a different type from the first sensor, the second sensor being configured to detect a second physical quantity identical to or correlating with the first physical quantity; and an internal control unit configured to perform failure diagnosis for at least one of the first sensor or the second sensor by comparison between a detection result of the first sensor and a detection result of the second sensor.

This temperature measurement device includes a temperature sensing unit serving as a detector for measuring a magnitude of a heat flow transmitted from a living body, a housing having a hollow structure, a heat flow compensation mechanism with a hollow structure that is disposed in a space inside the housing so as to cover the temperature sensing unit and transports a heat flux from the living body outside the temperature sensing unit to an upper part of the temperature sensing unit, and a circuit board mounted on the heat flow compensation mechanism. The circuit board includes a processing electronic circuit for calculating the internal temperature of the living body on the basis of the magnitude of the heat flow measured by the temperature sensing unit.

This temperature measurement device includes a temperature sensing unit serving as a detector for measuring a magnitude of a heat flow transmitted from a living body, a housing having a hollow structure, a heat flow compensation mechanism with a hollow structure that is disposed in a space inside the housing so as to cover the temperature sensing unit and transports a heat flux from the living body outside the temperature sensing unit to an upper part of the temperature sensing unit, and a circuit board mounted on the heat flow compensation mechanism. The circuit board includes a processing electronic circuit for calculating the internal temperature of the living body on the basis of the magnitude of the heat flow measured by the temperature sensing unit.