A system for detecting leakage of a liquid supply pipe includes a pipe casing for enclosing an end portion of the liquid supply pipe adjoined to a nozzle and a sensor system configured to detect presence of a liquid leaked from the liquid supply pipe at the end portion. The sensor system is in alignment with the end portion of the liquid supply pipe.

Pipeline segments can contain cables, such as communication cables (e.g., fiber optic cables) within insulation material surrounding the pipeline segments. Cables can be embedded within the insulation material, run through conduits embedded within the insulation material, placed in channels formed in the insulation material, or otherwise. Channels containing one or more cables can be filled with supplemental insulation material, thus securing the cables within the channels. Pipelines created as disclosed herein can enable data transfer between distant points without the need to lay fiber optic cable in addition to the pipeline. Further, fiber optic cable embedded thusly can be used to sense conditions in the pipeline, such as leaks, seismic activity, strain, and temperature information.

A test method for a semiconductor device comprising a substrate wafer (1), in which an element is formed and a material through which an infrared ray can be transmitted, and a package having an airtight space (7) between a cap wafer (3), which is provided opposite to the substrate wafer (1); and which includes a water applying process in which the semiconductor device is exposed to a high moisture atmosphere and a leak discrimination process in which an infrared ray from the semiconductor device is detected and a leak of the package is discriminated based on absorption of the infrared ray by water molecules.

An apparatus for locating a measurand anomaly, such as a hot-spot, along an optical waveguide is provided having: an optical waveguide, a light source configured to transmit light along the waveguide and a plurality of sensors provided along the waveguide. Each sensor is configured to reflect a portion of light propagating along the waveguide at a respective sensor wavelength corresponding to a measurand. The plurality of sensors is configured into one or more sets according to their sensor wavelengths, each set comprising a plurality of sensors with respective sensor wavelengths, wherein the sensors are configured such that the sensor wavelength for each sensor in a respective set is substantially equal when the measurand experienced by each of the sensors in that set is equal. The apparatus further includes a detector configured to monitor the light reflected by the sensors, and a control system.

Methods, systems, computer program products, and devices for in-pipeline optical interference-based cognitive systems for leak and defect detection are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes obtaining optical interference-related data pertaining to at least one interior portion of a pipeline; obtaining multiple items of sensor data pertaining to the at least one interior portion of the pipeline; generating one or more pipeline-irregularity predictions by applying an inference-based algorithm to the optical interference-related data, the multiple items of sensor data, and one or more additional items of data, wherein each of the one or more pipeline-irregularity predictions comprises an identified location within the interior surface of the pipeline of a predicted irregularity and an estimated size of the predicted irregularity; and outputting the one or more pipeline-irregularity predictions to one or more users.

Provided are an optical sensor and an analyzer, including an optical sensor section in which a cladding layer of an optical fiber is removed so as to expose a core layer by a predetermined optical path length, and a protective material is added to a surface of the exposed core layer, the protective material having higher resistance to an organic solvent, base, or acid than that of the cladding layer; a light source device that causes light to enter one end of the optical fiber; a light receiving device that receives transmitted light emitted from another end of the optical fiber; and a control device that controls the light source device and the light receiving device to measure optical transmittance in the optical sensor based on a ratio of intensity of the light emitted from the light source device to intensity of the light received by the light receiving device.

Provided are a water engineering seepage behavior fusing and sensing system and method. The system comprises a seepage-hidden optical fiber locating device, a seepage flow velocity distributed optical fiber monitoring device, an online seepage line diagnosis device and a seepage behavior optical fiber self-adaptive identification device, the location of a water engineering seepage point is realized by using the seepage-hidden optical fiber locating device, then, the seepage flow velocity of a water engineering is monitored by virtue of the seepage flow velocity distributed optical fiber monitoring device, the online diagnosis of a seepage line on a section of a whole water engineering structure can be realized by using the online seepage line diagnosis device, and finally, the current seepage behavior is integrally monitored and evaluated by using the seepage behavior optical fiber self-adaptive identification device, so that the water engineering seepage behavior fusing and sensing is completed. The optical information change of the optical fiber is acquired from multiple aspects and angles by using the four water engineering seepage monitoring devices, depending on the material and mechanical properties of the water engineering and relying on a distributed optical fiber monitoring technology, and furthermore, the monitoring and sensing of a seepage behavior of a water engineering are indirectly completed.

Proposed is a cartridge for a leak detection sensor. The cartridge includes a housing having an inner side thereof provided with a mounting space portion in which a reaction material is mounted, the housing having a plurality of fluid moving grooves in which a leaked oil is capable of being moved toward the reaction material and which is formed around an opening portion of a lower portion of the housing by a predetermined distance. Furthermore, the cartridge includes the reaction material being an opaque material, the reaction material being configured to be converted to a transparent state when the reaction material absorbs oil and reacts with an absorbed oil, and includes a separation prevention plate mounted by being fitted into the opening portion of the housing, the separation prevention plate preventing a separation of the reaction material that is mounted by being fitted into the fluid moving grooves.

Proposed is a leak detection sensor module including. The leak detection sensor module includes a body having an inner space in which a substrate, a transmission member, and a fixing body are mounted, the body having a bottom surface provided with a mounting hole in which a cartridge is mounted, the body having a side surface provided with a connection hole, and the body having steps. Furthermore, the leak detection sensor module includes a cover, the substrate to which an emitting portion and a receiving portion are connected and in which a microcomputer is mounted, the cartridge maintaining an opaque state when oil is not absorbed and being converted to a transparent or translucent state when the cartridge absorbs and reacts with a leaked oil, the transmission member transmitting an emitted light, and the fixing body fixing the substrate, the transmission member, the emitting portion, and the receiving portion.

A method of quantifying gas leak rate includes receiving image frames acquired with a camera and including a plume from a gas leak source, determining a real-world size that each pixel represents, identifying pixels corresponding to the plume in a first image frame, calculating gas concentration path lengths of the plume for the pixels in the first image frame, calculating, based on the first image frame and a second image frame, an image velocity field of the plume including displacement vectors for the pixels, identifying, within the first image, a closed boundary enclosing the gas leak source of the plume, and calculating a first gas leak rate in the first image frame by calculating a volume rate of the plume flowing across the closed boundary based on the image velocity field, the gas concentration path lengths, and a time interval between the first and the second image frames.