A substrate liquid processing apparatus includes: at least one liquid pipe through which a processing liquid flows; a discharge nozzle configured to discharge the processing liquid supplied via the at least one liquid pipe; a valve mechanism configured to regulate a flow of the processing liquid in the at least one liquid pipe; and a liquid detection sensor configured to detect presence or absence of the processing liquid in the at least one liquid pipe, wherein in a state in which the valve mechanism is operating so that the processing liquid in the at least one liquid pipe is located at an upstream of a first pipe measurement site of the at least one liquid pipe, the liquid detection sensor detects the presence or absence of the processing liquid at the first pipe measurement site located at a first measurement point.

Provided are a pressure-resistance inspection apparatus for valves and its inspection method, and hydrogen gas detection unit capable of detecting external leakage and specifying its position of occurrence even for valves with different sizes and shapes by performing pressure-resistance inspection with a simple structure quickly with high accuracy while preventing errors in test results, without requiring post-treatment for the valves, and also capable of mass processing by automation. Provided are a cover 2 in which a test valve 1 is accommodated in a state of being isolated from outside and a sensor 22 inside this cover 2 and capable of moving to a position close to an outer surface of the test valve 1 filled with a search gas. This sensor 22 is a gas sensor capable of detecting external leakage of the search gas from the test valve 1.

A method of performing a leak check of a hydrogen supply valve of a fuel cell system includes supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell stack of the system for a predetermined time period closing the supply valve and purge valves, and opening a cathode exhaust valve. The method further includes supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack for the predetermined time period, continuously measuring a test voltage of the fuel cell stack during the predetermined time period while oxygen is being supplied to the fuel cell stack, and determining that the hydrogen supply valve is leaking in response to the test voltage exceeding a predetermined leak voltage for the predetermined time period.

A device (1) for detecting microleakages from kegs (2) and similar containers containing a liquid with CO2 under pressure is provided with an outlet mouth (21) and a sealing valve (22). The device (1) includes a detection head (10) adapted to seal and couple with the keg (2) at the outlet mouth (21). The detection head (10) includes a measuring chamber (11) adapted to face over the outlet mouth (21). A light source (12) has an infrared component with wavelengths corresponding to CO2 absorption wavelengths facing the measuring chamber (11). A light sensor (13) faces the measuring chamber (11) for detecting the infrared light component with wavelengths corresponding to the CO2 absorption wavelengths emitted in the measuring chamber (11) by the light source (12). The measuring chamber (11) includes at least one air inlet (14) and at least one air vent (15).

A liquid leakage detector, LLD, configured to detect liquid leaking from a liquid containing/guiding element. The LLD comprises a pipe configured to receive liquid leaking from a predefined area of the liquid containing/guiding element and a sensor that detects liquid entering the pipe. The LLD comprises a first connection structure configured to be connected to and hereby bring the LLD into fluid communication with a first liquid transport structure of the liquid containing/guiding element, such that the first connection structure extends from and protrudes from the first liquid transport structure and a second connection structure configured to be connected to and hereby bring the LLD into fluid communication with a second liquid transport structure, such that the second connection structure extends from and protrudes from the second liquid transport structure. The LLD comprises an insulator arranged and configured to electrically separate the sensor from the liquid transport structures.

The disclosed technology includes a valve assembly having a valve, an actuating system, and a trigger. The trigger can be in mechanical communication with the actuating system and the actuating system can be in mechanical communication with the valve. The trigger can be positioned such that the trigger can interact with liquid resulting from a leak in a plumbing system, and upon interaction with liquid, the trigger can release the actuating system such that the actuating system can cause the valve to transition from an open position to a closed position. In the closed position, the valve can restrict the passage of liquid through the plumbing system such that the leak can be mitigated or stopped.

A system includes an inlet to collect air from outside a building; an air filter coupled to the inlet; a baffle to receive air from the inlet; an actuator coupled to the baffle; one or more sensors exposed to air from the air filter to determine air quality; a controller coupled to the one or more sensors and the actuator, the controller closing the baffle if air quality is below a threshold; and an outlet positioned after the baffle to deliver air to the building.

A system to characterize gas in a building includes a processor; a gas sensor coupled to the processor; a gas valve coupled to the processor; an encryption module executed by the processor to secure gas data; and a transceiver to communicate secured gas data over a network to a remote processor.

A system to characterize water in a building includes a processor; a water sensor coupled to the processor; a water valve coupled to the processor; an encryption module executed by the processor to secure water data; and a transceiver to communicate secured water data over a network to a remote processor.

A power supply unit of an aerosol generation apparatus includes: a power supply capable of discharging to a load for generating an aerosol from an aerosol source; a controller configured to control the power supply; and a housing configured to house the power supply and the controller. The controller is configured to detect at least one of leakage of a liquid inside the housing and entering of a liquid into the housing.