A relief valve in a hydrocarbon site is shown. The relief valve is disposed within a housing. The housing includes a first engagement component coupled with a valve spring and a second engagement component axially aligned with the first engagement component. The second engagement component is configured to engage with the first engagement component during an operation cycle to translate the stem along the axis in response to the pressure within the relief valve being above the predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the second engagement component is formed at least in part of a carbide substrate.

To sample cooling water from a discharge pipe under vacuum, with a simple structure and without using a large-scale device. Provided is a sampling system for sampling cooling water flowing through a discharge pipe extending from a condenser to a sea. The sampling system includes: a bypass pipe branched off from the discharge pipe and joining the discharge pipe; two shutoff valves provided in the bypass pipe; a sampling pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a vent pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a sampling valve provided in the sampling pipe; and a vent valve provided in the vent pipe.

Methods and apparatuses for fluid sensing system are disclosed. The method can include providing a first portion of a sample fluid in a sensing channel, holding the first portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a first diffusion period, after the first diffusion period, providing a second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel, holding the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a second diffusion period, and after the second diffusion period, sensing the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel by a sensing element. Providing pulses of sample with intervening diffusion periods can produce more uniform analyte concentration across sensors with less overall volume of sample fluid.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis sub-systems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples. A soil collection system is disclosed which captures and directs samples to the sampling system for processing.

A water quality management method for performing at least one of a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis of fine particles contained in water to be analyzed that includes connecting a filtration device provided with a fine particle capturing membrane for capturing fine particles to a flow pipe through which the water to be analyzed flows, allowing the water to be analyzed to flow from the flow pipe and through the fine particle capturing membrane attached to the filtration device for a predetermined period of time to capture fine particles contained in the water to be analyzed to form a fine particle capturing membrane sample, and performing at least one of a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis of the fine particle capturing membrane sample of a target water flow period at an arbitrary timing.

An analytical toilet comprising a bowl adapted to receive excreta; one or more conduits for transporting a sample from the bowl; one or more fluid sources in fluid connection with the one or more conduits; and one or more microfluidic chips, comprising at least one fluid inlet; at least one fluid outlet; and a sensor configured to detect at least one property of an excreta sample is disclosed.

A device for monitoring manual flushing of a hydrant includes an adapter attached to a flushing hose and attachable to an outlet of a water hydrant, an access port on the adapter, the access port being sized to take a sample of a stream of water flowing through the adapter, a flexible hose attached to the access port, an analyzer box containing a sensor adapted to sense a characteristic of water, the sensor being operatively connected to the flexible hose, and an alarm operatively attached to the sensor.

To sample cooling water from a discharge pipe under vacuum, with a simple structure and without using a large-scale device. Provided is a sampling system for sampling cooling water flowing through a discharge pipe extending from a condenser to a sea. The sampling system includes: a bypass pipe branched off from the discharge pipe and joining the discharge pipe; two shutoff valves provided in the bypass pipe; a sampling pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a vent pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a sampling valve provided in the sampling pipe; and a vent valve provided in the vent pipe.

An automatic fluid sampling system, comprising: a sample flow-through conduit in fluid communication with a fast loop or slip stream off of a fluid process line or pipe, a solenoid or other valve disposed for regulating fluid flow from the fast loop line into the sample flow-through conduit; a flow meter in fluid communication with sample flow-through conduit for measuring a volume of a sample allowed to flow through the sample flow-through conduit by the solenoid or other valve; and a sample fluid outlet from which the sample measured by the flow meter exits the sample flow-through conduit.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods, systems, and software for assessing contaminant quantities in a fluid. Fluid enters a reaction chamber. A controller then signals two different sheets with different reagents to move into the reaction chamber. One sheet contains reagents to form a contaminant byproduct or gas, while the other sheet is saturated with reagent that will have a photometric effect upon reacting with the contaminant byproduct or gas. After the photometric effect has occurred, the controller moves the reacted portion of the other reagent sheet into alignment with a photometric sensor. This photometric effect is calculated to contaminant concentration. The concentration is recorded and the data is transmitted to memory. The fluid sample in the chamber is drained and the remaining solid waste is collected onto the first reagent sheet. Both sheets are individually collected into separate controllable collectors.