The present invention reports a novel microfluidic analyzer for the high-throughput, label-free measurement of particles suspended in a fluid. The present invention employs the resistive pulse technique (RPT) which affords very high electrical bandwidth for the device, which surpasses that of currently available systems and devices. Further, devices in accordance with the present invention are fabricated with very simple microfabrication technologies, making the present invention more cost efficient and easier to manufacture than currently available devices.

Apparatuses, components, methods, and systems for interrogating samples are provided. An example system includes a flow cell. An example flow cell includes an aperture, an inlet chamber, and a sample injector positioned within the inlet chamber. An example sample injector is configured to generate a sample stream that flows in biased proximity to a profile included in the inlet chamber. An example method includes the steps of causing sheath fluid to flow into an inlet chamber and through an aperture, injecting sample into an inlet chamber with a sample injector to form a sample stream that is entrained in the sheath fluid, and interrogating the sample stream as the sample stream passes through an interrogation region within the aperture. An example sample injector includes an outlet that is disposed in an off-center position within the inlet chamber.

A lab on a chip device includes a whole blood inlet port and microchannels to transport a whole blood sample or plasma skimmed from the whole blood sample into a detection chamber that includes at least one 3-electrode set of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode. The counter electrode, the working electrode and the reference electrode may present bare, unmodified surfaces that are disposed so that clozapine present in the whole blood sample is detected via a reduction-oxidation reaction. Alternatively, the working electrode surface may include catechol grafted to chitosan. A method of detecting analytes and biomarkers includes collecting a whole blood sample, loading the sample into a point-of-care testing (POCT) device that includes at least one working electrode; testing the sample for the occurrence of a redox reaction; and calculating the total oxidative charge when the working electrode is bare or modified as before.

A pore-based device has a first liquid chamber and a second liquid chamber separated by a partition having a pore. A measuring instrument is structured to measure a current signal flowing between a first electrode provided in the first liquid chamber and a second electrode provided in the second liquid chamber. A pressure controller is structured to generate pressure difference between the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber. A tank is connected between a pump and the pore-based device. The pump is structured to remain stopped during the measurement.