A spectrometry device includes a carrier medium, or waveguide, for transmitting light by internal reflection, and a transceiver device that has at least one light source and a detection device. A transceiver deflection structure couples at least the light emitted by the light source into the carrier medium. A measurement deflection structure, arranged at a distance from the transceiver deflection structure, decouples the light out of the carrier medium onto a measuring surface of the carrier medium so that the biological tissue can reflect the light back to the carrier medium. The reflected light is transmitted back onto the detection device via the measurement deflection structure, the carrier medium and the transceiver deflection structure. The detection device determines an intensity signal of the reflected light which is used by an analysis device to determine a pulse frequency signal and/or a pulse curve signal as a medical characteristic value.

Modulation-encoded light, using different spectral bin coded light components, can illuminate a stationary or moving (relative) target object or scene. Response signal processing can use information about the respective different time-varying modulation functions, to decode to recover information about a respective response parameter affected by the target object or scene. Electrical or optical modulation encoding can be used. LED-based spectroscopic analysis of a composition of a target (e.g., SpO2, glucose, etc.) can be performed; such can optionally include decoding of encoded optical modulation functions. Baffles or apertures or optics can be used, such as to constrain light provided by particular LEDs. Coded light illumination can be used with a focal plane array light imager receiving response light for inspecting a moving semiconductor or other target. Encoding can use orthogonal functions, such as an RGB illumination sequence, or a sequence of combinations of spectrally contiguous or non-contiguous colors.

A concentration measurement apparatus includes a probe, having a light incidence section making measurement light incident on the head and a light detection section detecting the measurement light that has propagated through the interior of the head, and a CPU determining temporal relative change amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration and determining a correlation coefficient of the relative change amounts and a polarity of a slope of a regression line.

A system and optimization algorithm for determining the preferred operational wavelengths of a device configured for measurement of molecular analytes in a sample. Operational wavelengths are determined by solving a system of equations linking empirically defined functions representative of these analytes, spectrally dependent coefficients corresponding to these analytes, path lengths traversed by waves probing the analytes at wavelengths corresponding to the absorption level described by the functions representative of these analytes, and, optionally, a cost-function taking into account at least one of spectral separation between the operational wavelengths, manufacturability of wave source(s) producing wave(s) at operational wavelength(s), and the noise factor associated with the operation of such wave source(s).

A concentration measurement apparatus includes a probe, having a light incidence section making measurement light incident on the head and a light detection section detecting the measurement light that has propagated through the interior of the head, and a CPU determining temporal relative change amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration and determining a correlation coefficient of the relative change amounts and a polarity of a slope of a regression line.

An optical analysis system and process are disclosed. The optical analysis system includes one or more optical filter mechanisms disposed to receive light from a light source and a detector mechanism configured for operative communication with the one or more optical filter mechanisms, the operative communication permitting measurement of properties of filtered light, filtered by the one or more optical filter mechanisms followed by optical filtering by the mosaic optical filter mechanism from the light received. The one or more optical filter mechanisms are configured so that the magnitude of the properties measured by the detector mechanism is proportional to information carried by the filtered light. The process uses the optical analysis system.

An optical sensor device which measures in a spatially resolving manner is disclosed. In order to devise such a sensor device with which a contacting measurement of the article to be measured can be carried out and which can be mass-produced, the sensor device is designed such that a transfer of the calibration onto individual sensor devices is possible with high accuracy. According to certain embodiments of the design of the sensor device and of the evaluation methods, interferences with the measurement of the amount of the target substance are minimized

According to the present invention, a method and apparatus for non-invasively determining the blood oxygen saturation level within a subject's tissue is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing a spectrophotometric sensor operable to transmit light into the subject's tissue, and to sense the light; b) detecting light after passage through the subject's tissue using the sensor, and producing initial signal data from the light sensed; c) calibrating the sensor to that particular subject using the initial signal data, thereby accounting for the specific physical characteristics of the particular subject's tissue being sensed; and d) using the calibrated sensor to determine the blood oxygen parameter value within the subject's tissue.

A biological signal measuring system includes: a light emitter emitting light beams having different N kinds of wavelengths, where N is an integer of four or more; a light receiver outputting N kinds of signals respectively in accordance with received light intensities of the N kinds of light beams that have been passed through or reflected from a living tissue; a first calculating section acquiring N kinds of light attenuations based on the N kinds of signals; a second calculating section acquiring (N1) kinds of blood-derived light attenuations based on two light attenuations related to (N1) kinds of combinations selected from the N kinds of light attenuations; a third calculating section identifying concentrations of (N1) kinds of in-blood substances based on the (N1) kinds of blood-derived light attenuations; and an outputting section outputting the identified concentrations.

A method and apparatus for determining hemoglobin concentration is provided. A method aspect includes the steps of: a) depositing an unlysed, substantially undiluted blood sample into an analysis chamber adapted to quiescently hold the sample for analysis; b) imaging the sample in a region of the analysis chamber where the height of the chamber is no more than about twenty microns (20) or no less than about two microns (2), to produce image signals representative of the optical density of the imaged region; c) determining a sample representative optical density value using the image signals representative of the optical density of the imaged region; and d) determining the hemoglobin concentration of the sample using the sample representative optical density value.