An optical sensor may include a housing, a printed circuit board, an optical emitter, and an optical detector. The housing can define a channel configured to receive a transparent tubing line through which fluid can flow during operation. The housing can have multiple optical pathways, including a primary optical pathway transecting the channel, a light emission optical pathway, and a light detection optical pathway. The optical emitter and optical detector can each be mounted on the printed circuit board. Further, the housing may be positioned on the printed circuit board with the optical emitter aligned to emit light into the light emission optical pathway and the optical detector aligned to receive light from the light detection optical pathway.

The concentration of a targeted molecule (such as glucose) in a liquid medium having at least one interfering molecule coexisting with the targeted molecule is detected by use of NDIR and a sampling technique in which an imposed location of a pulse beam from a signal source, an interference source and a reference source is varied over a plurality of sites of a sampling area.

Near-Infrared (NIR) filter photometry is used to calculate component concentrations in multiphase flows. The disclosed methodology adapts the Beer-Lambert law for nonhomogeneous immiscible mixtures (such as oil and water) by modeling the fluid layer as a nonhomogeneous distribution of its components and deriving a mathematical relationship between measured absorbances, component path lengths, and non-homogeneity factors. The methodology is integrated into a multi-channel filter photometer to measure phase concentrations in oil-and-gas pipelines. The system is proven more accurate than current state of the art based on data from simulations, multiphase flow laboratories and field trials.

A process and sensor system useful for determining a concentration of a targeted molecule M (such as glucose) within a given time period in a liquid sampling matrix wherein the sample volume is configured so that a sampling error caused by changes of the targeted molecule passing in and out of the sample volume is approximately the same or less than a measurement error caused by an accuracy limit of electronic components and optical elements used in the sensor system.

An antioxidant sensor includes a pressure sensor configured to obtain a contact pressure between an object and an optical sensor; the optical sensor configured to, based on the obtained contact pressure exceeding a set threshold pressure, emit a first light of a first wavelength to the object, and receive the first light reflected or scattered from the object; and a processor configured to determine a contact portion of the object in contact with the optical sensor, set a threshold pressure, among different threshold pressures, according to the determined contact portion, and determine an antioxidant value based on the received first light.

An oximeter sensor system includes a light source group having a plurality of LEDs including at least a first visible light LED, a second visible light LED and an infrared LED adjacent the first visible light LED and the second visible light LED, an infrared filter disposed in front of only the first visible light LED and the second visible light LED, a light source housing having a base, one or more sidewalls and a light-emitting end where the light source housing has a frustum shape where the light source group is disposed adjacent the base and facing the light-emitting end and where the one or more sidewalls has a reflective coating thereon, a light detector disposed opposite to, spaced from and facing the light-emitting end of the light source housing, and a cuvette disposed between the light-emitting end of the light source housing and the light detector.

A body fluid analysis device includes a light source, a detector, a normalization part, and a calculation part. The light source is configured to emit light at a first wavelength and light at a second wavelength different from each other to a body fluid. The detector is configured to receive light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the body fluid or light reflected by the body fluid, and is configured to detect intensity of the light. The normalization part is configured to calculate a ratio of an intensity of light emitted at the second wavelength to an intensity of light emitted at the first wavelength, both of which are detected by the detector. The calculation part is configured to calculate a concentration of a predetermined component included in the body fluid on the basis of the ratio calculated by the normalization part.

Systems for measuring a concentration of a target species include a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a respective first and second wavelength each corresponding to respective absorption lines of the target species. A first optical fiber is optically coupled to the first tunable diode laser, and does not support a fundamental mode at the second wavelength. A second optical fiber is coupled to the second tunable diode laser and does not support a fundamental mode at the first wavelength. A fiber bundle includes respective distal ends of the first and second optical fibers, which are stripped of their respective coatings and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. A pitch head is configured to project respective optical beams from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. A catch head located across the measurement zone receives the projected beams and directs them to a sensor.

A process and sensor system useful for determining a concentration of a targeted molecule M (such as glucose) within a given time period in a liquid sampling matrix wherein the sample volume is configured so that a sampling error caused by changes of the targeted molecule passing in and out of the sample volume is approximately the same or less than a measurement error caused by an accuracy limit of electronic components and optical elements used in the sensor system.

The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for measuring leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and belongs to the spectral analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) field. The method includes the following steps: (1) obtaining a single-band image of a target leaf illuminated by a light source in a single feature band; (2) repeating step (1), to collect image information in four feature bands; (3) combining the collected images in the four feature bands into a four-channel spectral image; (4) training a deep learning model by using the spectral image and a corresponding nitrogen content label, to obtain a nitrogen content prediction model; (5) transplanting the trained nitrogen content prediction model into an AI control system; (6) collecting information about a to-be-predicted leaf sample, predicting nitrogen content by using an AI sensor equipped with the AI control system, and outputting the predicted nitrogen content.