A method of measuring a concentration of NO.sub.2 in a gaseous mixture using a multimode laser beam that covers a tunable spectral range with a width of no more than 5 nm, wherein the multimode laser beam provides a high resolution transmittance spectrum at an absorption cross section of NO.sub.2 molecules, and a system for measuring the concentration of NO.sub.2 in the gaseous mixture. Various combinations of embodiments of the system and the method are provided.

A moisture detecting apparatus includes: a light emitting unit including a first light source configured to emit light having a first wavelength as a peak wavelength, and a second light source configured to emit light having a second wavelength as a peak wavelength; a detecting unit configured to detect a first detection value indicating an extent to which the light emitted from the first light source is transmitted through a recording material, and a second detection value indicating an extent to which the light emitted by the second light source is transmitted through the recording material, based on a light receiving result of a light receiving unit; and a determination unit configured to determine a value related to a moisture content of the recording material based on the first detection value and the second detection value.

To provide a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of predetermined chemical components can be measured non-destructively, accurately, and rapidly by a simple means, up to the concentrations in trace amount ranges, as well as a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of chemical components in a measurement target can be accurately and rapidly measured in real time up to the concentrations in nano-order trace amount ranges, and which is endowed with a versatility that can be realized in a variety of embodiments and modes. In the present invention, a measurement target is irradiated, in a time sharing manner, with light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength that have different optical absorption rates with respect to the measurement target. The light of each wavelength, arriving optically via the measurement target as a result of irradiation with the light of each wavelength, is received at a shared light-receiving sensor. A differential signal is formed, the differential signal being of a signal pertaining to the light of the first wavelength and a signal pertaining to the light of the second wavelength, the signals outputted from the light-receiving sensor upon receipt of the light. The concentration of a chemical component in the measurement target is derived on the basis of the differential signal.

Provided is a fluorescent compound represented by the following [Chemical Formula 1] and a method for preparing the same:

##STR00001## wherein each of X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and n is the same as defined in the specification.

An optical measuring device for the spectral measurement of a sample is disclosed. The optical measure device includes an integrating cavity that has a diffusely reflective interior in order to render the light in the integrating cavity diffuse, a light source that is configured to emit light of a predetermined wavelength range into the integrating cavity, and a sensor that is configured to receive light from the integrating cavity, wherein the integrating cavity comprises an optical opening, and wherein the optical measuring device is provided and configured to measure a sample located outside of the integrating cavity directly in front of the optical opening.

The present disclosure relates to a novel merocyanine-based compound capable of labeling biomolecules by intercalating biomolecules, and to a dye, kit and contrast medium composition for labelling biomolecules comprising the same.

Apparatus and methods for hyperspectral imaging analysis that assists in real and near-real time assessment of biological tissue condition, viability, and type, and monitoring the above overtime. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful in surgery, clinical procedures, tissue assessment, diagnostic procedures, health monitoring, and medical evaluations, especially in the detection and treatment of cancer.

A method for detecting an ice on a road surface includes: providing a spectral imaging camera; recording a first reflectance (R1) of the surface at 0.545 to 0.565 μm using the spectral imaging camera; recording a second reflectance (R2) of the surface at 0.620 to 0.670 μm using the spectral imaging camera; recording a third reflectance (R3) of the surface at 0.841 to 0.876 μm using the spectral imaging camera; calculating an ice index based on the first reflectance, the second reflectance, and the third reflectance; providing a thermometer; recording a surface temperature of the surface using the thermometer; and detecting a presence of the ice on the surface based on the ice index and the surface temperature. A system for detecting an ice on a surface is also disclosed.

There is disclosed an apparatus for visually inspecting gemstones. The apparatus contains a first light source, a sample stage adapted to receive a gemstone thereon, and a rotating stage located below the sample stage. The rotating stage is adapted to rotate relative to the sample stage. Embodiments of the invention therefore provide a portable and automatic gemstone inspecting apparatus that provides multiple inspection methods centrally without the need to use other external devices.

A light splitting module for obtaining spectrums of an object to be tested is disclosed, which sequentially includes a light entrance window, a diffuser and a filter array along a light entrance direction, wherein the filter array is an angle modulated filter array which has multiple subareas and includes multiple filters with different center wavelengths respectively corresponding to the subareas. Also, a dual-mode multiplexing optical device is disclosed, which includes the light splitting module, an illumination module and a light field imaging module, can realize the integration of spectral detection and light field imaging, so it can be applied to material spectral detection, digital image detection and digital focusing for obtaining high-resolution imaging results; and simultaneously, the modules of the device are detachable, so that users can use the device as required.