A method for detecting and measuring the amount of an ionic impurity, notably formula (A) and/or formula (B) in a liquid sample, notably water, comprises: Introducing the liquid sample through a liquid inlet into a measurement cell, notably an optical cavity of an optical spectrometer; Causing vaporisation of the liquid sample by maintaining the pressure in the measurement cell below the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid sample; Causing the formation of gas-phase reaction product(s) of the ionic impurity; Measuring the amount of the gas-phase reaction product(s) of the ionic impurity in the measurement cell.

A method for detecting and measuring the amount of an ionic impurity, notably formula (A) and/or formula (B) in a liquid sample, notably water, comprises: Introducing the liquid sample through a liquid inlet into a measurement cell, notably an optical cavity of an optical spectrometer; Causing vaporisation of the liquid sample by maintaining the pressure in the measurement cell below the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid sample; Causing the formation of gas-phase reaction product(s) of the ionic impurity; Measuring the amount of the gas-phase reaction product(s) of the ionic impurity in the measurement cell.

The present invention relates to a measurement device including a trace sample-use high sensitivity light absorbing cell, the device comprising: a light absorbing cell containing a capillary tube of which both ends are open hollow shaped; a light absorbing cell mounting block on which one end of the light absorbing cell is mounted, and which comprises a light emitting unit, disposed on the upper portion of the light absorbing cell, for irradiating light to one end of the light absorbing cell; and a light receiving block which comprises a light metering immersion unit disposed in such a manner that the other end of the light absorbing cell is immersed in a sample contained therein, and which detects light that is irradiated to one end of the light absorbing cell and emitted to the other end thereof.

A method for determining the risk of developing a blood disorder, which includes the steps of: exposing a biological sample from an individual to radiation to obtain a spectrum characteristic of the sample, the spectrum being processed in order to obtain a spectral signature; comparing the spectral signature obtained with one or more reference spectral signatures; and concluding, if the spectral signature of the individual is significantly different from control spectral signatures, that the individual is likely to develop a blood disorder, and, if not, that the individual is not likely to develop a blood disorder.

A method for determining the risk of developing a blood disorder, which includes the steps of: exposing a biological sample from an individual to radiation to obtain a spectrum characteristic of the sample, the spectrum being processed in order to obtain a spectral signature; comparing the spectral signature obtained with one or more reference spectral signatures; and concluding, if the spectral signature of the individual is significantly different from control spectral signatures, that the individual is likely to develop a blood disorder, and, if not, that the individual is not likely to develop a blood disorder.

A apparatus for obtaining an individualized unit spectrum includes: a spectrum obtainer configured to obtain a first biological spectrum from a subject at a first measurement time, and obtain a second biological spectrum from the subject at a second measurement time; and a processor configured to extract the individualized unit spectrum from the first biological spectrum and the second biological spectrum, based on a predetermined unit spectrum of a target component.

A apparatus for obtaining an individualized unit spectrum includes: a spectrum obtainer configured to obtain a first biological spectrum from a subject at a first measurement time, and obtain a second biological spectrum from the subject at a second measurement time; and a processor configured to extract the individualized unit spectrum from the first biological spectrum and the second biological spectrum, based on a predetermined unit spectrum of a target component.

The present disclosure describes an apparatus for identifying a refrigerant fluid contained in a tank or in a measuring cell of a system for recharging an air-conditioning plant. The apparatus includes at least one infrared source configured to emit at least radiations with a first emitting intensity at a first wavelength and a second emitting intensity at a second wavelength. A first photodetector is configured to detect a first intensity of infrared radiations at the first wavelength, and a second photodetector is configured to detect a second intensity of infrared radiations at the second wavelength. A processing unit is configured to: calculate a ratio between the first intensity detected by the first photodetector and the second intensity detected by the second photodetector; and according to the Lambert-Beer law, obtain from said ratio a physical magnitude representative of the refrigerant fluid.

The present disclosure describes an apparatus for identifying a refrigerant fluid contained in a tank or in a measuring cell of a system for recharging an air-conditioning plant. The apparatus includes at least one infrared source configured to emit at least radiations with a first emitting intensity at a first wavelength and a second emitting intensity at a second wavelength. A first photodetector is configured to detect a first intensity of infrared radiations at the first wavelength, and a second photodetector is configured to detect a second intensity of infrared radiations at the second wavelength. A processing unit is configured to: calculate a ratio between the first intensity detected by the first photodetector and the second intensity detected by the second photodetector; and according to the Lambert-Beer law, obtain from said ratio a physical magnitude representative of the refrigerant fluid.

An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.