An exhaust gas analyzer to analyze exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine includes an infrared light source, a photodetector, a CO.sub.2 concentration calculation part and an O.sub.2 concentration calculation part. The infrared light source irradiates infrared light to the exhaust gas. The photodetector detects infrared light after passing through the exhaust gas. The CO.sub.2 concentration calculation part calculates a CO.sub.2 concentration in the exhaust gas on the basis of a detection signal obtained by the photodetector. The O.sub.2 concentration calculation part calculates an O.sub.2 concentration in the exhaust gas from the CO.sub.2 concentration by using a fuel combustion reaction equation and an EGR rate in an exhaust gas recirculation system or a value related to the EGR rate.

There is provided a quantitative method for determining a level of a sanding surface preparation of a carbon fiber composite surface, prior to the carbon fiber composite surface undergoing a post-processing operation. The quantitative method includes fabricating a ladder panel of levels of sanding correlating to an amount of sanding of sanding surface preparation standards for a reference carbon fiber composite surface of reference carbon fiber composite structure(s); using surface analysis tools to create target values for quantifying the levels of sanding; measuring, with the surface analysis tools, sanding surface preparation location(s) on the carbon fiber composite surface of a test carbon fiber composite structure, to obtain test result measurement(s); comparing the test result measurement(s) to the levels, to obtain test result level(s); determining if the test result level(s) meet the target values; and determining whether the carbon fiber composite surface is acceptable to proceed with the post-processing operation.

The optical interrogation technique can use an optical prism having two opposite sides including a sample side and a refraction side, the sample side having a plurality of interrogation areas; a source assembly generating a collimated field of illumination directed towards the refraction side; a screen disposed in a screen plane intersecting the field of illumination and shielding the refraction side from the field of illumination, the screen having an aperture allowing a portion of the field of illumination to reach and be refracted by the refraction side, be totally internally reflected at one of said interrogation areas of the sample side, thereby generating a signal, the signal refracted back through the aperture, the screen being movable within the screen plane to shift the aperture and expose different portions of the field of illumination to corresponding ones of the interrogation areas.

An imaging system connected to an occupant monitoring system includes communications with an apparatus for measuring gas or airborne compound concentrations in a vehicle cabin. The apparatus includes a housing configured as a flow tube in fluid communication with ambient air in the vehicle cabin. A spectrometer is mounted within the housing and subject to ambient air flow through the housing, and the spectrometer is connected to a light source and receives reflected light from the air flow to detect by spectrum analysis the concentration of target gases and/or airborne compounds. The spectrometer identifies spectral changes in the light and reflected light within the ambient air flow. The spectrometer communicates with computerized vehicle control systems, and runs software stored to calculate the concentration of target gases and/or airborne compounds from the spectral changes.

The present invention relates to a diagnostic method for determining lung disease. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of spectra produced by spectroscopic interrogations of a plurality of cells. The method comprises determining a feature of interest from each spectrum of the plurality of spectra. The method comprises determining a distribution of the features of interest. The method comprises diagnosing a lung disease in dependence on the distribution of features of interest.

Systems and methods for non-contact characterization of semiconductor devices. Systems may include: an infrared radiation source directing radiation towards the semiconductor device; a radiation directing device positioned proximal the infrared radiation source to direct radiation towards an opposing side of the semiconductor device, the semiconductor device receivable between the radiation directing device and the infrared radiation source; and a radiation detector proximal to the infrared radiation source to sense radiation associated with a plurality of infrared wavebands from the semiconductor device for determining a dopant profile property of the semiconductor device. The sensed radiation may include radiation originating from the infrared radiation source reflected from the semiconductor device. The sensed radiation may include radiation originating from the radiation directing device and emerging from the semiconductor device. The dopant profile properties may be based on infrared reflectance or infrared transmittance associated with the plurality of respective infrared wavebands.

Aspects relate to a spectroscopic analyzer device that can be used for biological sample detection, and specifically for virus infection detection. The spectroscopic analyzer device includes a spectrometer, such as a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based infrared spectrometer, and an artificial intelligence (AI) for screening of viral samples. In addition, the spectroscopic analyzer device includes a light source and a disposable optical component configured to receive a sample and to facilitate light interaction with the sample.

Aspects relate to an optical fluid analyzer including a fluid cell configured to receive a sample fluid. The optical fluid analyzer further includes optical elements configured to seal the fluid cell on opposing sides thereof and to allow input light from a light source to be sent through the fluid cell and output light from the fluid cell to be input to a spectrometer. The optical fluid analyzer further includes a machine learning (ML) engine, such as an artificial intelligence (AI) engine, that is configured to generate a result defining at least one parameter of the fluid based on a spectrum produced by the spectrometer.

Aspects relate to mechanisms for mass screening of samples. A portable laboratory device based on spectroscopic analysis of samples containing analytes under test can facilitate the mass screening. The portable laboratory device can include a sample head including a structure configured to facilitate application of the sample to the sample head and an optical measurement device including one or more light sources and a spectrometer. Light from the light source(s) incident on the sample may be directed to the spectrometer to obtain a spectrum of the sample. The optical measurement device can further include a data transfer device configured to provide the spectrum obtained by the spectrometer to a spectrum analyzer to produce a result from the spectrum.

An embodiment of a microscope system is described that comprises a sample stage configured to position a sample; and a spectrometer comprising an interferometer configure to provide a light beam to the sample stage and one or more detectors configured to detect light spectra in response to the light beam, wherein the spectrometer sends a notification to the sample stage after a scan comprising an acceptable measure of quality has been acquired from the detected light spectra at a first location, and the sample stage is further configured to count the notifications and initiate movement of the sample stage to a second location when a count value reaches a pre-determined number.