This fluorescence observation method is a method of observing a living organism into which a fluorescent dye is injected. The method includes the steps of: irradiating the living organism with excitation light including a wavelength for exciting the fluorescent dye using a light irradiation means, acquiring a first fluorescence image of the living organism generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using an image acquisition means, specifying an observation object in the living organism on the basis of the first fluorescence image; acquiring a second fluorescence image of the observation object generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using the image acquisition means; and specifying a linear fluorescence pattern appearing in the second fluorescence image.

Imaging systems including an objective lens and a line generation module are described herein. The objective lens may focus a first light beam emitted by the line generation module and a second light beam emitted by the line generation module at a focal point external to a sample so as to adjust line width. Line width may be increased to lower overall power density of a light beam on a surface of the sample such that the power density of the light beam on the surface of the sample is below a photosaturation threshold of a dye on the sample.

This fluorescence observation method is a method of observing a living organism into which a fluorescent dye is injected. The method includes the steps of: irradiating the living organism with excitation light including a wavelength for exciting the fluorescent dye using a light irradiation means, acquiring a first fluorescence image of the living organism generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using an image acquisition means, specifying an observation object in the living organism on the basis of the first fluorescence image; acquiring a second fluorescence image of the observation object generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using the image acquisition means; and specifying a linear fluorescence pattern appearing in the second fluorescence image.

A vehicle front mounting system adapted to mount to a vehicle brush guard or similar apparatus for supporting a device. The vehicle front mounting system including a pair of elongated tubular rails adapted to be attached to the vehicle brush guard, each tubular rail having a pair of elongated slots and a pair of elongated cavities. Each of the elongated slots opens to an elongated cavity. One or more threaded nuts are received and contained within each elongated cavity. The threaded nuts are permitted to slide within the elongated cavity while being restrained from rotating within the elongated cavity. One or more brackets are adapted to be to fastened to the pair of elongated rails.

A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned laser light from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective orthogonal modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n-1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.

A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned radiation from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.

A floodwater risk assessment system for a vehicle includes one or more cameras oriented to collect image data of floodwater located along a roadway the vehicle is traveling along, a time-of-flight sensor system that directs a laser beam towards a plurality of target points disposed along the floodwater one or more controllers in electronic communication with the one or more cameras and the time-of-flight sensor system. The one or more controllers execute instructions to determine a risk associated with crossing the floodwater at each of the plurality of target points located along the floodwater based on a flow speed of the floodwater and a floodwater depth. The one or more controllers generate a notification indicating the risk associated with crossing the floodwater at the plurality of target points located along the floodwater.

The present invention provides a gas measuring method based on photothermal effect in hollow-core optical fiber comprising: filling a target gas into the core of a hollow-core optical fiber; coupling a probe light and a periodically modulated pump light into the hollow-core optical fiber; absorbing the pump light by the target gas resulting in the periodic modulation of the phase of the probe light; demodulating the phase modulation information of the probe light to obtain the concentration of the target gas, wherein the pump laser is wavelength and/or amplitude modulated. In the present invention, two lasers including a pump laser and a probe laser are used for the measurement, this approach is simple and practical. Also, the use of the hollow-core optical fiber with extremely-small core area greatly increases the optical power density, thus enhances the strength of the detected photothermal signal; this method allows ppb level gas measurement with high selectivity, and is universally suitable for the detection of gases with absorption in near-infrared.

A system for measuring a target gas via laser absorption spectroscopy in an open-air configuration, comprising a mid-infrared distributed feedback interband cascade laser (mid-IR DFB-ICL) having a wavelength selected to correspond with a spectral absorption line of the target gas and first electronic circuitry to control the laser temperature, current and modulation frequency. The mid-IR DFB-ICL is mounted to a heat sink. The system includes an optical component that projects a beam of the mid-IR DFB-ICL onto a distal backscattering directionally-reflective target and an optical receiver assembly that receives a fraction of the laser light that is backscattered from the directionally-reflective target and focuses the collected light onto an uncooled photodetector having a spectral bandwidth and optical configuration selected to optimize signal-to-noise response to received laser light. The optical receiver assembly comprises a primary mirror for receiving laser light backscattered from the directionally-reflective target and focusing the collected light onto the uncooled photodetector.

A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned radiation from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.