A fluoride sensor includes an aluminum layer situated on a distal end face of an optical fiber. A light source directs light into the optical fiber at a proximal end and reflected light from the aluminum layer at the distal end face is directed by the fiber to a detector. A rate of change of a detector signal is processed to produce an estimate of a concentration of fluoride.

A method and a device allow optical properties of a sample to be estimated. The method includes the illumination of the sample by a first light source, and the formation of an image of the sample thus illuminated, on the basis of which a first optical property is estimated, at various points on a surface of the sample. The method also includes measuring an auxiliary optical property of the sample and estimating the first optical property, taking account of the auxiliary optical property measured on the sample.

An optical testing system includes: a testing probe, a collecting unit, and a processing unit, wherein the testing probe includes a plurality of spectrum photodiodes used for emitting and casting monochromatic light to a sample, wherein the wavelength of the light emitted by at least one spectrum photodiode is different from that of any other. The collecting unit collects multi-way signal light obtained after the emitted monochromatic light is reflected by the sample surface. The processing unit includes a photoelectric conversion module, an adding module and a testing module. The photoelectric conversion module converts the collected multi-way signal light respectively to multi-way electrical signals. The adding module performs an adding operation for the multi-way electrical signal to obtain an operation result. The testing module tests a quality parameter of the sample according to the operation result, and outputs a testing result.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the automatic measuring of such qualities of a printed sheet as reflectance excluding specular reflectance, reflectance including specular reflectance, e.g. gloss, transmittance, half-tone coverage, and the like.

A fiber-optic probe for multi-modal characterization of a tissue. The fiber optic probe may comprise a first group of fibers associated with a first modality of light. The first group of fibers may comprise a first light delivery fiber and a first light collection fiber. The fiber optic probe may also comprise a second group of fibers associated with at least a second modality of light, the second group of fibers comprising a second light delivery fiber and a second light collection fiber; The fiber optic probe may also comprise a longpass filter positioned distal to the first group of fibers and a lens positioned distal to the filter. The fiber optic probe may also comprise. The fiber optic probe may include the second group of fibers bypassing the filter. The second group of fibers may bypass the filter.

A downhole fluid properties optical analysis probe (1) to analyze at least one property of a multiphase flow mixture (100) flowing in a hydrocarbon well (51) has an elongated cylindrical body shape. It comprises an optical tip (5) at one end of the elongated cylindrical body arranged to be in contact with the multiphase flow mixture (100). It further comprises an optical link (6) adapted for a connection with an electronics module (11) at another end of the elongated cylindrical body arranged to be separated from the multiphase flow mixture (100). The optical tip (5) is coupled to the optical link (6) through a removable and watertight coupling (7). The removable and watertight coupling comprises a first portion (9a) of a protective tube (9) resistant to downhole conditions, said first portion (9a) enclosing the optical link (6) and comprising at least one first ring bulge (22) close to a coupling interface (10), and a second portion (9b) of the protective tube (9) partially enclosing the optical tip (5) such as to let a distal end of the optical tip (5) in contact with the multiphase flow mixture (100), said second portion (9b) comprising at least one second ring bulge (23) close to the coupling interface (10). It further comprises a coupling tube (24) surrounding facing ends of the first portion (9a) and the second portion (9b), said coupling tube (24) being adjusted in size to fit in between said first and second ring bulges (22, 23), and a coupling and protecting sheath (25) enclosing said first ring bulge (22), coupling tube (24) and second ring bulge (23) in a watertight manner.

An analyzer apparatus and method of use thereof is described to dynamically irradiate a sample with incident light where the incident light is varied in time in terms of any of: position, radial position relative to a point of the skin of a subject, solid angle, incident angle, depth of focus, energy, and/or intensity. For example, the incident light is varied in radial position as a function of time relative to one or more of a sample site, a point on skin of the subject, a detection optic, and/or a sample volume observed by a detection system. The radially varied incident light is used to enhance and/or vary light probing the epidermis, the dermis, and/or the subcutaneous fat of the subject or of a group of subjects.

There is provided a particle detection apparatus (30) comprising: a channel (32) including an inlet and at least one channel wall, the inlet permitting light to be introduced into the channel (32), the or each channel wall being arranged to define a channel path through which light may propagate; a light source (34) configured to introduce light into the channel (32) via the inlet, the channel (32) being shaped to guide the light to propagate along the channel path for illuminating a particle or a plurality of particles located in the channel path; and a monitoring device (36) configured to detect scattered light that is created by the illumination of the or each particle by the guided light and that leaves the channel (32) by passing through the or each channel wall.

A device, system and method for monitoring a pulmonary system of a subject. An optical member for emitting a light signal through a cavity of the pulmonary system of the subject. The optical member and a detector unit are configured to be positioned so that the light signal detected that has ebb transmitted from the optical member through the cavity. A control unit is configured for evaluating the detected light signal for determining a physiological status of said pulmonary system of the subject.

A detection system for measuring one or more conditions within a predetermined area includes a fiber optic cable including a first core for transmitting light to the ambient atmosphere adjacent a node and a second core for receiving scattered light from the ambient atmosphere adjacent the node. A discrimination assembly operably coupled to the first and second cores includes at least one focusing element and at least one optical enhancement device. The at least one optical enhancement device separates the scattered light received from the ambient atmosphere into a plurality of wavelengths. A control system operably coupled to the fiber optic cable receives the scattered light received from the ambient atmosphere. The scattered light received from the ambient atmosphere has a higher frequency than the light transmitted to the ambient atmosphere and only the scattered light having a desired wavelength is transmitted to the control system.