An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a washing machine that detects contamination of water due to a dye and prevents contamination of laundry due to the dye. The washing machine includes a tub; a drum configured to be rotatable inside of the tub; a detergent supplier configured to supply a detergent to the tub; a water supplier configured to supply a water to the tub; an optical sensor provided under the tub, wherein the optical sensor includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element configured to selectively receive a plurality of visible rays having different wavelengths and an infrared ray among a light emitted from the light emitting element; and a controller configured to control the water supplier to supply the detergent and the water to the tub and rotate the drum during a washing. In addition, the controller may reduce the washing time based on the sum of the received intensities of the plurality of visible rays and the received intensity of the infrared ray.

Apparatus derives a sample liquid property and has a container with an outlet section having an overflow edge at a horizontal sample surface. A light source above the surface generates a probe light beam at a non-zero angle β1 to a normal to the surface. A detector above the surface detects intensity of light emitted out through the surface along a first detection axis forming a non-zero angle γ1 with the surface. An optical barrier between the probe light beam and the first detection axis blocks reflected or scattered light. An inlet section receives sample liquid and has an opening to the main section beneath the sample surface. A separating member separates the sample surface of the inlet section from the sample surface of the main section.

Provided are turbidometers and fluorometers having a unique form-factor to accommodate a number of optical components in a confined geometry. This provides the ability to compensate for change in light intensity from an optical source even in a closed-loop manner. The ability to package reference and signal detectors, along with a relatively large diameter LED light source in a confined geometry is particularly suited for applications requiring small-diameter sensors, such as multi-parameter sonde devices having a total diameter that is in the sub-two inch range.

A substrate processing apparatus includes a supply channel through which a liquid to be supplied to a substrate flows; and a foreign substance detecting unit configured to detect a foreign substance in the liquid based on a signal obtained when light, which is near-infrared light, is radiated toward a flow path forming unit constituting a part of the supply channel by a light projector so that light is emitted from the flow path forming unit and a light receiver receives the light emitted from the flow path forming unit.

A fluid analyzer includes an optical source and detector defining a beam path of an optical beam, and a fluid flow cell on the beam path defining an interrogation region in a fluid channel in which the optical beam interacts with fluids. One or more flow-control devices conduct a particle in a fluid through the fluid channel. A motion system moves the interrogation region relative to the fluid channel in response to a motion signal, and a controller (1) generates the motion signal having a time-varying characteristic, (2) samples an output signal from the optical detector at respective intervals of the motion signal during which the interrogation region contains and does not contain the particle, and (3) determines from output signal samples a measurement value indicative of an optically measured characteristic of the particle.

In described embodiments, the present invention is a cup assembly including a cup holder having a base having a microcontroller, weight sensor and accelerometer incorporated therein, a handle extending upwardly from the base, and a camera support extending upwardly from the base. The camera support supports a digital camera. The digital camera is electronically coupled to the microcontroller. A cup is removably insertable into the cup holder. A method of using the cup assembly is also disclosed.

Gas-flammability sensing systems and methods may be used to determine the flammability of gas mixtures in measurement volumes such as a fuel tank (e.g., an aircraft fuel tank). Gas-flammability sensing systems include a test cell structured to receive a gas sample, a heater in thermal communication with the test cell, and a gas meter configured to measure a physical property of the gas sample within the test cell related to the combustion state of the gas sample. The heater is configured to heat the gas sample to an elevated temperature less than the autoignition temperature of the gas sample. Methods of determining the flammability of a gas sample include collecting the gas sample, heating the gas sample to the elevated temperature, measuring the physical property of the gas sample after heating, and determining the flammability of a gas sample based upon the measured physical property.

A method for measuring concentrations of blood cell components is provided. The method comprises: obtaining a blood sample from a subject, the blood sample comprising red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs); mixing the blood sample with a non-lysing aqueous solution to form a sample mixture comprising a predetermined tonicity; passing the sample mixture through a flow cell; emitting light towards the flow cell; measuring an amount of light absorbed by the RBCs; measuring an amount of light scattered by WBCs, and PLTs; determining a concentration of each of the RBCs, WBCs, and PLTs present in the sample mixture from the measured amount of light absorbed by the RBCs and scattered by the WBCs and PLTs.

Turbidity measurement systems and methods of using the same are described. A turbidity measurement system comprises a vessel configured to hold a wellbore fluid, wherein a porous media is positioned in the vessel; a light source positioned to direct light at the vessel; a light detector positioned to measure light intensity of light emitted by the light source and passing through the vessel; a backscatter detector configured to measure the light intensity of reflected light emitted from the light source; and a computer system communicatively coupled to at least one of the light source, light detector, or light detector.

An optical particle sensor includes-at least one light source configured to emit light rays; at least one channel intended to receive a fluid transporting at least one particle, and to at least partially receive the light rays emitted by the at least one source such that said light rays are partially scattered by the at least one particle; and at least one photodetector capable of receiving said scattered light rays. The at least one source has an emission face facing one side of the sensor and the at least one photodetector has a receiving face facing the same side of the sensor, wherein the light rays received by the at least one photodetector are light rays backscattered by the at least one particle, for at least 90% of the light rays.