An apparatus for optical in-situ gas analysis includes: a housing; a measuring lance a first end connected to the housing and a second end projecting into the gas to be measured; a light transmitter that is arranged in the housing and whose light is conducted into the measuring lance and is reflected by a reflector arranged at the second end onto a light receiver, and the optical path defines an optical measurement path within the measuring lance; and, an evaluation device for evaluating received light signals of the light receiver. In order to be able to reduce the consumption of test gas, the measuring lance has an outer tube, with the outer tube having openings for the gas to be measured. The openings can be closed by at least one seal for the test phase, with the seal searingly closing the openings by the enlargement of its volume.

The particle sensor device comprises a substrate, a photodetector, a dielectric on or above the substrate, a source of electromagnetic radiation, and a through-substrate via in the substrate. The through-substrate via is exposed to the environment, in particular to ambient air. A waveguide is arranged in or above the dielectric so that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source of electromagnetic radiation is coupled into a portion of the waveguide. A further portion of the waveguide is opposite the photodetector, so that said portions of the waveguide are on different sides of the through-substrate via, and the waveguide traverses the through-substrate via.

An apparatus includes a piston cavity, a piston insertable in the piston cavity, and at least one flow cavity. Each flow cavity is inserted in the piston, alongside the piston cavity such that the flow cavity has a connection with the piston cavity, or between the piston and a wall of the piston cavity by means of one or more differences in cross section between the piston and the piston cavity, and the flow cavity is in contact with a liquid substance being processed. The piston moves back and forth inside the piston cavity and causes with its movement a flow of the liquid substance in each flow cavity in connection with measuring the liquid substance.

Embodiments of the present invention include a backscatter reductant anamorphic beam sampler. The beam sampler can be implemented to measure a power of a reference beam generated by an electromagnetic radiation source in proportion to a power of a working beam. The beam sampler can provide astigmatic correction to a divergence of the working beam along one axis orthogonal to a direction of propagation. The beam sampler can further be implemented to prevent backscatter from impinging upon a photodetector of the beam sampler resulting in a reduction of error and instability in measurements taken by the beam sampler.

A rain and fog testing apparatus, comprising a fluid channel that runs between a first fluid shutoff coupler and a second fluid shutoff coupler and has at least one dispersion head fluidly coupled to the fluid channel. A liquid pump can be fluidly coupled to the fluid channel at an output end. A liquid heater may also be fluidly coupled to the system along with a controller that provides electrical control of the first fluid shutoff coupler, the second fluid shutoff coupler, the dispersion head, the liquid pump, and the heater. Further, the second fluid shutoff coupler is capable of fluidly coupling a first fluid channel to a plurality of fluid channels and the controller can adjust the orientation of the first fluid shutoff coupler, the second fluid shutoff coupler, the dispersion head, the liquid pump, and the liquid heater to create a simulation of a plurality of rain or fog events.

A water quality sensor includes a housing having two hollow protruding portions, and a sensing module including a circuit board mounted inside the housing and having two positioning plates respectively positioned in the two hollow protruding portions, two identical connectors respectively mounted on the two positioning plates of the circuit board in reversed directions with a phase difference of 180 degrees therebetween, and a light emitter and a light receiver respectively mounted in the connectors to face toward each other for water quality detection. Thus, the invention allows the implementation of automated assembly to replace manual assembly, reducing the risk of human error, saving much labor and production costs, improving product quality and increasing product yield.

A laser gas analyzer includes a light emitter which emits a laser light irradiated onto a gas to be measured; a light receiver which receives a laser light which transmitted the gas to be measured; a plurality of optical-axis adjustment mechanisms, one of which is provided in the light emitter and the other one of which is provided in the light receiver; a main display which is provided in one of the light emitter and the light receiver and displays thereon the measured result acquired by receiving the laser light which transmitted the gas to be measured; and a sub-display which is provided in the other one of the light emitter and the light receiver and displays thereon a part of the measured result displayed on the main display.

A fire extinguishing agent concentration measuring system having a first window, a second window positioned relative to the first window thereby defining a sensing volume between the first window and the second window, and a structure positioned relative to the first window and the second window configured to cause fluid flowing into the sensing volume from an environment within which the fire extinguishing agent concentration measuring system is placed to swirl within the sensing volume.

A sensor assembly includes a housing including a cavity allowing a liquid to flow thereinto, a liquid level sensing module installed on the housing and configured to sense information related to a liquid level when the liquid is flowing into the cavity, and a turbidity sensing module installed on the housing. The turbidity sensing module includes a light emitting unit and a light receiving unit. The light emitting unit and the light receiving unit are located oppositely on an outer surface of the housing to allow a light emitted from the light emitting unit to pass through the cavity of the housing and be received by the light receiving unit.

A fire extinguishing agent concentration measuring system including a first window, a second window positioned relative to the first window thereby defining a sensing volume between the first window and the second window, a tube configured to port a flow including the agent from an environment through the sensing volume, and a fluid motion mechanism in operable communication with the tube configured to cause the flow through the tube and through the sensing volume.