A probe-type online biomass detection apparatus capable of being subjected to high-temperature sterilization includes an optical fiber probe (1), a light source and light receiving sensor module (2), and a signal processing module (3). A portion, which is required to touch cytosol, of the apparatus adopts a detachable design scheme, to meet requirements for high-temperature sterilization of the probe (1). In the meantime, with regard to influence of bubbles in a fermentation tank on measurement values, a bubble filtering structure is provided, to reduce flow rate and number of the bubbles in the measurement area; and a measurement signal is filtered and optimized through a software algorithm, so that interference of the bubbles is eliminated finally.

The present disclosure relates to a sensor arrangement for determining the turbidity of a liquid medium. The sensor arrangement includes a sensor section with at least one light source for sending transmission light into a measuring chamber, and at least one receiver associated with the light source for receiving reception light from the measuring chamber, wherein the transmission light is converted into the reception light in the measuring chamber by the medium by means of scattering at a measurement angle, and the reception light received by the receiver is a measure of the turbidity. The reception light is back reflected at a reflection element in contact with the medium, whereby an optical path from the light source through the measuring chamber to the reflection element and from the reflection element through the measuring chamber to the receiver results.

The present invention relates to a self-cleaning probe for performing optical measurements in a gas or liquid flow. The probe comprises a measuring cell defining a passage for the gas or liquid to be measured to pass through, and includes minimum a first and second optical interface on opposite sides of the passage. The probe further comprises at least one optical light source emitting an optical signal and a detector for receiving an optical signal having propagated partly or fully through the gas or liquid flow from the first to the second interface. All optical interfaces are acoustically coupled to one acoustic transducer connected to a power source, adapted to produce vibrations in the frequency range of 5 kHz-1 MHz, the vibrations being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the interfaces and the acoustic energy exceeding the cavitation threshold in a liquid, so as to remove deposits on the optical interfaces.

Novel disposable pipette tips that enable spectroscopic analysis of analytes held within the tip while attached to a microspectrometer or microspectrometer which is a micropipette with the functional capability to irradiate an attached tip with light of a defined wavelength and measure the impact of the sample within the tip on the irradiated light as the modified light is directed back to sensors on or within the instrument. Spectroscopic sample analysis is integral to a wide range of research sciences including microbiology, molecular biology, medical, chemistry, environmental, food, and forensics.

The invention relates to a measuring device for absorption-spectroscopic gas measurement, the use of spinel, polycrystalline aluminum oxide or aluminum oxynitride and a method for absorption-spectroscopic gas measurement.

A diagnostic system for measuring temperature, pressure, CO.sub.2 concentration and H.sub.2O concentration in a fluid stream is described. The system may include one or more probes that sample the fluid stream spatially, temporally and over ranges of pressure and temperature. Laser light sources are directed down pitch optical cables, through a lens and to a mirror, where the light sources are reflected back, through the lens to catch optical cables. The light travels through the catch optical cables to detectors, which provide electrical signals to a processer. The processer utilizes the signals to calculate CO.sub.2 concentration based on the temperatures derived from H.sub.2O vapor concentration. A probe for sampling CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O vapor concentrations is also disclosed. Various mechanical features interact together to ensure the pitch and catch optical cables are properly aligned with the lens during assembly and use.

To check an influence to an absorbance due to a temporal variation of measuring light in an analyzing apparatus, the analyzing apparatus includes a reference gas filling space, a spectrum generating portion, and a spectrum comparing portion. The reference gas filling space is formed on an optical path of measuring light and is filled with a reference gas different from a measurement target gas at a first concentration. The spectrum generating portion generates measured spectrum data, associating a wavelength of a detection light beam as the measuring light after passing through the reference gas filling space with a relative intensity of the detection light beam. The spectrum comparing portion calculates a difference between the measured spectrum data and reference absorption spectrum data obtained by measuring in advance an absorption spectrum of the reference gas at the first concentration by a direct absorption method.

The present disclosure relates to a sensor arrangement for determining the turbidity of a liquid medium. The sensor arrangement includes a sensor section with at least one light source for sending transmission light into a measuring chamber, and at least one receiver associated with the light source for receiving reception light from the measuring chamber, wherein the transmission light is converted into the reception light in the measuring chamber by the medium by means of scattering at a measurement angle, and the reception light received by the receiver is a measure of the turbidity. The reception light is back reflected at a reflection element in contact with the medium, whereby an optical path from the light source through the measuring chamber to the reflection element and from the reflection element through the measuring chamber to the receiver results.

A species-specific gas sensor and monitor comprising a light source, a sample enclosure or measurement chamber, an optical interface between the light source, the sample and the detection system, electronics that integrate the light source and the detection system, and computational components, such as an onboard microprocessor for calculation of the gas composition and communications between the sensor and the vehicle electronics. The species-specific gas sensor of the present invention can be used to target gases, such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) ammonia (NH.sub.3), and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) which are measurable in the UV spectrum.

The present invention relates to an analysis apparatus for analyzing a gas sample comprising a concentration measurement path receiving the gas sample; a light transmitter for transmitting light signals into the concentration measurement path; a detector for detecting light signals exiting the concentration measurement path; an evaluation unit which is adapted to determine the concentration of at least one substance present in the gas sample on the basis of the intensity of the detected light signals and on the basis of the length of the concentration measurement path; and a measurement device which is configured to determine the length of the time of flight path of the transmitted light signals optically using the light transmitter, with the evaluation unit being adapted to determine the length of the concentration measurement path on the basis of the determined length of the time of flight path.