A thermally representative phantom mammalian manikin assembly is provided. The assembly can include a cover portion representative of mammalian tissue partially enclosing a thermal cavity having a thermally representative material therein. The cover portion can have an opening with a cap extending across the opening and configured to further enclose the thermal cavity. The cap can have an aperture extending therethrough to receive a device extending through the aperture and into the thermally representative material within the thermal cavity. The device can be a thermocouple configured to measure a temperature of the thermally representative material. In assemblies representing mammalian limbs, the assembly can further include a second thermal cavity representing an additional portion of the limb, e.g., thermally representative upper and lower leg cavities.

A method for manufacturing a gas sensor may be provided, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a metal nanowire; manufacturing a thermoelectric composite by adding a polymer bead to the metal nanowire, and then mechanically mixing same; manufacturing a thermoelectric layer by hot-pressing the thermoelectric composite; forming a first electrode on the upper surface of the thermoelectric layer, and forming a second electrode on the lower surface of the thermoelectric layer; and disposing a heating catalyst layer on the first electrode.

A method for manufacturing a gas sensor may be provided, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a metal nanowire; manufacturing a thermoelectric composite by adding a polymer bead to the metal nanowire, and then mechanically mixing same; manufacturing a thermoelectric layer by hot-pressing the thermoelectric composite; forming a first electrode on the upper surface of the thermoelectric layer, and forming a second electrode on the lower surface of the thermoelectric layer; and disposing a heating catalyst layer on the first electrode.

In an embodiment a sensor system includes a first sensor having a first thermistor configured to sense a change in heat flow and a first heater configured to heat the first thermistor and a second sensor having a second thermistor configured to sense a change in heat flow and a second heater configured to heat the second thermistor, wherein a heat conduction path between the first heater and the first thermistor has a higher thermal conductivity than a heat conduction path between the second heater and the second thermistor.

A composite sensor for sensing gas and dust by using a single heat source, according to an embodiment of the present invention, can comprise: a base; a gas sensor module comprising a gas sensor and a first light source in a first space; a dust sensor module comprising a dust sensor, a lens, and a second light source in a second space; and a heat transfer wall for transferring heat generated by the first light source to the dust sensor module.

A composite sensor for sensing gas and dust by using a single heat source, according to an embodiment of the present invention, can comprise: a base; a gas sensor module comprising a gas sensor and a first light source in a first space; a dust sensor module comprising a dust sensor, a lens, and a second light source in a second space; and a heat transfer wall for transferring heat generated by the first light source to the dust sensor module.

A thermal conduction unit includes a conductive via, a periphery conductor and an isolation material. The conductive via includes a first thermoelectric material. The periphery conductor encloses the conductive via and includes a second thermoelectric material. An end of the periphery conductor is electrically connected to an end of the conductive via. The isolation material is interposed between the conductive via and the periphery conductor.

The present disclosure herein relates to a device for measuring a thermoelectric performance. The device for measuring a thermoelectric performance of a thermoelectric material, which includes a support module configured to generate temperature difference between both ends of the thermoelectric material, a fixing module detachably coupled to the support module to support the thermoelectric material, a temperature measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure temperature of each of the both ends of the thermoelectric material, and an electromotive force measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure thermoelectromotive force generated between the both ends of the thermoelectric material. Here, the fixing module includes a first heat sink part and a second heat sink part, which respectively support the both ends of the thermoelectric material.

The present disclosure herein relates to a device for measuring a thermoelectric performance. The device for measuring a thermoelectric performance of a thermoelectric material, which includes a support module configured to generate temperature difference between both ends of the thermoelectric material, a fixing module detachably coupled to the support module to support the thermoelectric material, a temperature measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure temperature of each of the both ends of the thermoelectric material, and an electromotive force measuring unit electrically connected to the fixing module to measure thermoelectromotive force generated between the both ends of the thermoelectric material. Here, the fixing module includes a first heat sink part and a second heat sink part, which respectively support the both ends of the thermoelectric material.

A thermal conduction unit includes a conductive via, a periphery conductor and an isolation material. The conductive via includes a first thermoelectric material. The periphery conductor encloses the conductive via and includes a second thermoelectric material. An end of the periphery conductor is electrically connected to an end of the conductive via. The isolation material is interposed between the conductive via and the periphery conductor.