A rail vehicle includes a truck having wheels for engaging a railroad track, a bolster supported by the truck, and a tank supported by the bolster for storing a lading. A measurement system measures the level of the lading within the tank and includes gauges and a controller. The gauges are disposed at selected points on the bolster for sensing at least one of lateral and longitudinal localized displacement experienced by the bolster during motion of the rail vehicle. The controller calculates the level of the lading within the tank and compensates for changes in the level of the lading during motion of the rail vehicle in response to signals generated by the gauges.

An exemplary method of inspecting a component includes, among other things, securing an inspection probe body relative to a component, using a sensor assembly housed within the inspection probe body to induce an eddy current in a target area of the component, the target area having a target surface that is spaced from the sensor assembly, sensing a parameter of the eddy current in the component using the sensor assembly, and determining a position of the target surface of the component relative to the inspection probe body using the parameter of eddy current from the sensing.

A tube inspection unit (10) includes an eddy current probe (14). The probe (14) has a plurality of inductors and a plurality of receivers. The receivers are magnetoresistances having a substantially linear functional zone. The inductors of the probe (14) are linked to a controller (26). The controller (26) is programmed to inject, into the inductors, a voltage with a sinusoidal component and a nonzero direct-current component, such that the receivers have a polarization center situated inside the substantially linear functional zone.

Various aspects include methods of inspecting a substantially round hole in a material. One method can include: feeding a probe axially into the substantially round hole until the probe completely passes through the substantially round hole while the probe is activated; rotating the probe at least ninety degrees around a primary axis of the substantially round hole after feeding the probe completely through the substantially round hole; removing the probe axially from the substantially round hole after rotating the probe at least ninety degrees while the probe is activated; and compiling at least one of eddy current data or ultrasound data about the hole from the feeding of the probe axially into the substantially round hole and the removing of the probe axially from the substantially round hole.

To realize an object of providing an eddy current inspection device which is able to control a sensitivity decrease, and is able to reliably detect a defect. An eddy current inspection device of the present invention is provided with an orthogonal detection mode which measures an electromotive force signal using a coil pair which is configured by two coils within the first row coil group, a first intersection detection mode which measures the electromotive force signal using the first coil pair which is configured by the two coils within the first row and second row coil groups that are lined up in a direction which intersects with the scanning direction, and a second intersection detection mode which measures the electromotive force signal using the second coil pair which is configured by the two coils within the first row and second coil groups that are lined up in a direction in which a direction which intersects with the scanning direction is on the same side as the direction through which the first coil pair intersects and has a larger coil pair intersection angle than the coil pair intersection angle of the first coil pair.

An electronic device protection unit is provided. The electronic device protection unit includes a sensing part, a responding part, and an analysis and control part. The sensing part is configured to detect an incident ray which is electromagnetic wave or radiation with potential to cause destruction (damage), failure, or malfunction of an electronic device. The responding part is configured to be able to perform a plurality of behaviors to protect the electronic device. The analysis and control part is configured to control the behaviors of the responding part in response to a type of the incident ray detected by the sensing part.

An eddy-current testing method comprises liftoff signal measuring step of giving liftoff to an eddy-current testing probe including one or more coils and measuring a liftoff signal of a reference specimen, phase recording step of recording a phase of a Lissajous figure obtained from the liftoff signal of the reference specimen, eddy-current testing signal measuring step of measuring an eddy-current testing signal of an object using the eddy-current testing probe, and decision step of deciding that the eddy-current testing signal detected in the eddy-current testing signal measuring step is a liftoff signal if the eddy-current testing probe detects the eddy-current testing signal in all the coils in the eddy-current testing signal measuring step and a phase of a Lissajous figure obtained from the eddy-current testing signal detected in the eddy-current testing signal measuring step coincides with the phase recorded in the phase recording step for all the coils.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for generating virtual inspection channels mid-way between the physical inspection channels of an eddy current array probe, thereby reducing the coverage loss and improving defect sizing and imaging. The method is based upon a calibration to determine the mid-channel coverage loss for parallel defects having their long axis parallel to the scanning direction. Based on the coverage loss measurement, a vector analysis system is constructed enabling generation of virtual channel signals which are available for processing in the same way as physical channels, with impedance plane representation including real and/or imaginary signal components. The system differentiates between parallel and perpendicular defects and employs different algorithms to generate virtual channel signals for parallel and perpendicular defect orientations.

The present invention addresses the problem of checking defects of a rail for a vehicle with a high SN ratio. A detection device (2) for generating check data related to the defects of a railway rail RR (rail for a vehicle) is provided with an oscillating coil C1 (211) and an oscillating coil C2 (211) that are disposed on the surface opposite the railway rail RR and generate AC magnetic fields whose directions are opposite to each other, and a receiving coil (212) that is positioned between or in the vicinity the oscillation coils and that outputs a magnetic field waveform based on the magnetic fields received from the oscillating coils as the check data.

Various aspects include methods of inspecting a substantially round hole in a material. One method can include: feeding a probe axially into the substantially round hole until the probe completely passes through the substantially round hole while the probe is activated; rotating the probe at least ninety degrees around a primary axis of the substantially round hole after feeding the probe completely through the substantially round hole; removing the probe axially from the substantially round hole after rotating the probe at least ninety degrees while the probe is activated; and compiling at least one of eddy current data or ultrasound data about the hole from the feeding of the probe axially into the substantially round hole and the removing of the probe axially from the substantially round hole.