A method increase of the Resolution Index (Rl) of a chromatogram generated from a polymer sample comprising at least two olefin-based polymers of different microstructures and/or at least two olefin-based polymer fractions of different microstructures. The method comprises separating the mixture on a low-porosity stationary phase and repeatedly cycling the sample-stationary phase through a series of cooling and heating stages with active eluent flow only during the cooling stages and during the last heating stage to elute the separated analytes off the column.

A system for performing gas chromatography analyses in accordance with the present disclosure includes an analytical column and a column oven. The analytical column has an inlet portion coupled to an injector for receiving a material sample and an outlet portion coupled to a detector. The analytical column is adapted to direct the material sample from the injector to the detector. The column oven is adapted to heat the analytical column for separating constituent components of the material sample for detection by the detector.

A heat retention start timing of each sample container is determined based on a room temperature detected by a room temperature sensor, and a starting temperature and an ending temperature of each sample at a time of programmed temperature analysis that are stored in an analysis condition storage section. Since cooling speed of each sample container varies depending on the room temperature, the cooling time (A12, B12, C12, . . . ) of each sample container may be predicted based on the ending temperature of each sample at the time of programmed temperature analysis, the starting temperature of a next sample at the time of the programmed temperature analysis, and the room temperature. By determining the heat retention start timing of each sample container according to the cooling time (A12, B12, C12, . . . ) of each sample container predicted in the above manner, a margin time (A13, B13, C13, . . . ) after the cooling time may be prevented from becoming unnecessarily long. Accordingly, the processing performance may be improved compared to a conventional configuration where the heat retention start timings of sample containers are shifted by fixed time intervals.

A temperature controller for simultaneously controlling the temperatures of a plurality of heating elements for use in chromatographic analysis including columns, detectors, valves, transport lines and other components.

Methods for focusing analyte peaks in liquid chromatography using a spatial temperature gradient are provided. Also provided are methods for focusing analyte peaks and improving resolution using a trap column upstream of a separation column. Further, methods are provided in which the trap column placed upstream of the separation column is packed with a temperature-sensitive polymer/copolymer, and a spatial temperature gradient is applied along the trap column for obtaining improved retentivity by trap column stationary phase, and overall improved resolution of analyte peaks.

A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2? C./min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram.

A system for performing gas chromatography analyzes in accordance with the present disclosure includes an analytical column and a column oven. The analytical column has an inlet portion coupled to an injector for receiving a material sample and an outlet portion coupled to a detector. The analytical column is adapted to direct the material sample from the injector to the detector. The column oven is adapted to heat the analytical column for separating constituent components of the material sample for detection by the detector.

A sample preparation apparatus for an elemental analysis system comprising a sample combustion and/or reduction and/or pyrolysis arrangement for receiving a sample of material to be analysed, and producing therefrom a sample gas flow containing atoms, molecules and/or compounds; a gas chromatography (GC) column into which the sample gas flow is directed; a heater for heating at least a part of the GC column; and a controller for controlling the heater. The controller is configured to control the heater so as to increase the temperature of at least the part of the GC column whilst the sample gas flow in the GC column elutes.

Systems and methods for determining a boiling point distribution of a sample include controlling the rates of temperature increase for a column and an injection port. An analyzer includes a column having a column heating element and an injection port having an injection port heating element. The temperature of the column can be increased at a first rate, and a temperature of the injection port can be increased at a second rate. The first and second rates are selected such that the temperature of the injection port is within about five to fifteen degrees Celsius of the temperature of the column when the temperature of the injection port reaches a target temperature of minimal thermal decomposition.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an Operational Flight Efficiency Evaluation (OFEE) system for an aircraft. The system comprises an Avionics Situation Awareness Device (ASAD). The ASAD includes one or more processors, a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, and a flight data collection interface configured to, via the one or more processors, collect empirical flight data for a flight and store the empirical flight data in the memory. The OFEE also includes a Simulation And Comparison System (SACS) in communication with the ASAD. The ASAD includes a database communicatively coupled to a National Airspace System (NAS). The database is also configured to automatically acquire and store avionics systems available for flight efficiencies from the NAS. The ASAD also includes a simulator configured to identify at least one avionics upgrade based on the collected empirical flight data and the avionics systems available for flight efficiencies.