The application describes a method for calibrating metal oxide gas sensors using impedance spectroscopy, comprising the steps of: determining the impedance spectrum of the metal oxide gas sensor in a gas mixture in the absence of an analyte in order to determine a base line, and determining the impedance spectrum of the metal oxide gas sensor in the gas mixture in the presence of the analyte in at least a known concentration. The use of this method and an apparatus which can be used to carry out this method are also described.

A method and system for detecting sulfur fires that comprises a remote infrared or microwave sensor to detect sulfur dioxide gas and provide an unsupervised remote daytime and nighttime sulfur fire-watch, hot spot detection, early sulfur fire prevention, sulfur fire detection, or sulfur fire control of unattended combustible sulfur blocks, sulfur stockpiles, sulfur plants, or equipment using remote sensing devices that includes detection, measurement and analysis of electromagnetic radiation to determine the presence of sulfur dioxide gas.

An arrangement for measuring gas concentrations in a gas absorption method, wherein the arrangement includes a plurality of light sources, a measuring cell, at least one measuring receiver and an evaluation apparatus. The measuring cell has a narrow, longitudinally-extended beam path with an entrance-side opening diameter B and an absorption length L with L>B, wherein the measuring cell has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein a plurality of light sources of different wavelength spectra is grouped into a first light source group wherein an optical homogeniser is interposed between the first light source group and the measuring cell, wherein, in particular, the homogeniser is coupled to the light source group directly or via a common optical assembly.

The invention provides apparatus and methods for determining the isotope ratio of a sample. The apparatus comprises a dynamically heated chamber (1); a reactor (4), wherein an outlet of the dynamically heated chamber is coupled to a reactor inlet; an isotope ratio spectrometer (6), wherein an outlet of the reactor is coupled to a spectrometer inlet; such that a gas flow path is provided from the dynamically heated chamber to the isotope ratio spectrometer; wherein the apparatus includes at least one selective gas trap (3,5) in the gas flow path, the gas trap being configured to selectively and reversibly trap one or more gases present in the gas flow in use.

A gas detection device includes a voltage applying unit configured to apply a voltage across a first electrode and a second electrode of an electrochemical cell and a measurement control unit configured to perform a first application voltage sweep and a second application voltage sweep which have different sweeping voltage ranges, to acquire a first parameter based on the output current of the first application voltage sweep, to acquire a second parameter based on the output current of the second application voltage sweep, to calculate a SOx detection parameter which is a difference or a ratio between the first parameter and the second parameter, and to perform determination of whether sulfur oxides with a predetermined concentration or higher are contained in an exhaust gas or detection of a concentration of sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas based on the SOx detection parameter.

A microcontroller based digital back end for controlling an analog front end, to optimize power delivery, measurement, and data collection of an array of nanomaterial-based gas sensors to supply data to an integrated pattern recognition algorithm.

A method is described for identifying and quantifying single and mixed contaminants in air by reading nanohybrid gas sensors multivariate output and processing it inside the algorithm. The algorithm analyzes sensor signal in real time and outputs estimated values for concentrations of target gases.

A process for making highly sensitive nano-nucleated structures for use in room temperature nanohybrid gas sensors which utilize high surface area nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, dichalcogenides, graphene, metal-organic frameworks, metal oxides, etc.) functionalized with atomically dispersed metal catalysts for sensing airborne environmental pollutants, and co-located with humidity sensing material for higher gas concentration measurement accuracy.

A nanomaterial-based gas sensor system comprising a low voltage circuitry which includes a transducer to detect changes in electrical properties of a multi-channel gas sensor array, analog signal conditioning, and an A/D conversion to provide a signal to a digital back-end.

A gas sensor architecture and implementation, based on hybrid nanostructures, combining a plurality of inter-dependent technologies, including chemical engineering and material science, embedded electronics at board and IC level, MEMS, data science, mobile and Cloud-based applications, to deliver a combination of performance and functional attributes in a solution that is manufacturable in very high volume and will enable the collection of highly granular information related to the presence and concentration of target gases in ambient air.