A main controller of an immunological test apparatus counts an elapsed time TP. An information output unit outputs required determination time information regarding a required determination time so as to be associated with information of a determination result. The required determination time information is at least information indicating that the elapsed time TP exceeds a set time TS at which sensitization processing, in which a chemical solution for sensitizing the coloration state of a reagent that is combined with influenza virus to be colored is spread onto a carrier, is started, that is, information indicating that the sensitization processing has been performed.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that can be used to determine a peptide signature for an antibody repertoire in a sample comprising multiple antibodies. The method can be used to characterize a phenotype in a sample, such as providing a diagnosis, prognosis or theranosis of a medical condition.

A method for preparing serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles, the method including: construction of small ubiquitin-like modifier fusion expression vector, construction of recombinant expression vectors, construction of recombinant co-expression vector, expression and purification of proteins, and in-vitro assembly of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles. The disclosure also provides a test strip for detecting serotype O foot-and-mouth disease including a bottom board, and a detection layer disposed on the top of the bottom board. A detection line and a control line are disposed on the detection layer. An absorbent layer is disposed at one end of the detection layer close to the control line, and an immuno-gold pad is disposed at the other side of the detection layer close to the detection line. A sample pad is disposed on the top of the immuno-gold pad.

The invention relates to antibodies and binding fragments thereof that are capable of binding to influenza A virus hemagglutinin and neutralizing at least one group 1 subtype and at least 1 group 2 subtype of influenza A virus. In one embodiment, an antibody or binding fragment according to the invention is capable of binding to and/or neutralizing one or more influenza A virus group 1 subtypes selected from H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, H12, H13, H16 and H17 and variants thereof and one or more influenza A virus group 2 subtype selected from H3, H4, H7, H1, 0, H14 and H15 and variants thereof.

A method for diagnosing hepatitis virus infection or a hepatitis disease condition in a subject based on hepatitis virus-associated biomarkers present on exosomes in a bodily fluid sample from the subject is disclosed. Also disclosed are a method for monitoring the course of a hepatitis virus infection or a hepatitis disease condition in a subject and a method for-monitoring effectiveness of treatment to a subject with an anti-hepatitis virus agent based on hepatitis virus-associated biomarkers present on exosomes in bodily fluid samples from the subject, as well as a kit for diagnosing hepatitis virus infection and/or a hepatitis disease condition in a subject based on hepatitis virus-associated biomarkers on exosomes in bodily fluid samples from the subject.

The specification describes an antibody capture process comprising (i) obtaining a biological sample comprising antibodies, (ii) contacting the biological sample with recombinant pIgR or a dIgA-binding variant, wherein the pIgR or variant binds dIgA and forms a pIgR-dIgA complex. The process may further comprise (iii) directly or indirectly assessing the level of the pIgR-dIgA complex or the level of a complex between pIgR-dIgA and an antigen of interest. There is also an antibody capture process for determining gut wall integrity in a test subject, wherein the level or ratio of SIgA to dIgA is compared to a corresponding level or ratio from a control subject. The specification provides kits embodying the process and recombinant pIgR when used for, or for use, in capturing or detecting dIgA and/or IgM.

The present invention pertains to antigen recognizing constructs against antigens of the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). The invention in particular provides novel T cell receptor (TCR) based molecules which are selective and specific for the infected host cells and tumor cell expressed MCV derived antigens. The TCR of the invention, and antigen binding fragments derived therefrom, are of use for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancerous diseases. Further provided are nucleic acids encoding the antigen recognizing constructs of the invention, vectors comprising these nucleic acids, recombinant cells expressing the antigen recognizing constructs and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention.

Multimeric binding molecules that are capable of specifically binding to hemagglutinin (HA) of at least two influenza A virus strains, said strains comprising HA of two different HA subtypes from phylogenetic group 2; or capable of specifically binding to hemagglutinin (HA) of at least one influenza A virus strain from phylogenetic group 1 and at least one influenza A virus strain from phylogenetic group 2; or capable of specifically binding to hemagglutinin (HA) of at least one influenza B virus strain are provided. The binding molecules preferably are also capable of neutralizing at least two influenza A virus strains from phylogenetic group 2; or capable of neutralizing at least one influenza A virus strain from phylogenetic group 1 and at least one influenza A virus strain from phylogenetic group 2; or capable of specifically neutralizing at least one influenza B virus strain.

Provided is an information providing method including the steps of acquiring a biological sample separated from a specimen, identifying concentration of a protein, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the cerebrospinal fluid from the said biological sample, comparing the concentration of the said identified TRAIL to a reference value, and providing information related to encephalitis disorder according to the said results of comparison.

Assays, arrays, and methods for distinguishing a bacterial infection from a viral infection are disclosed. The antibiotic crisis is in part driven by over prescription of antibiotics. There is a tendency, particular in pediatrics, to give an antibiotic even for viral infections. Thus, embodiments herein are directed to the problem of distinguishing a bacterial infection from a viral infection to reduce unnecessary antibiotic usage.