A method of quantifying a specific biological material in a specimen stained using fluorescent dye accumulating particles capable of binding to the material includes: inputting a first fluorescence image obtained by capturing an image of the specimen; extracting a certain region from the first fluorescence image and calculating a first luminance integrated value by integrating luminance values of the certain region; and calculating the number of the particles included in the certain region from the first luminance integrated value and an average luminance value per fluorescent dye accumulating particle, wherein the average luminance value is calculated from a distribution of second luminance integrated values obtained by integrating luminance values for individual bright spot regions, which indicate emission of light by the fluorescent dye accumulating particles, in a second fluorescence image obtained by capturing an image of a preparation onto which the fluorescent dye accumulating particles are dispersed without agglomerating.

The present invention relates to a zwitterionic nanoparticle, the zwitterionic nanoparticle comprising at least one nanoparticle and a zwitterionic case enclosing the nanoparticle. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition, a method of binding a zwitterionic nanoparticle and the use of a zwitterionic nanoparticle.

The present application discloses an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor. The immunosensor includes an electrode functionalized by a nanocomposite film. The film further includes carbon nanohorns dispersed in Nafion? perfluorinated resin solution. The polymeric solution is further stabilized by magnetic nanoparticles. The immunosensor is a Point of care (POC)-based. The immunosensor is configured to work in the range from 100 ng/mL to 1 fg/mL, and has tendency to detect even traces of the tropomyosin. The immunosensor is capable to detect traces even less than 1 fg/mL, hence having high specificity for Tro-Ag detection in food products with distinguished repeatability.

The present application discloses an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor. The immunosensor includes an electrode functionalized by a nanocomposite film. The film further includes carbon nanohorns dispersed in Nafion? perfluorinated resin solution. The polymeric solution is further stabilized by magnetic nanoparticles. The immunosensor is a Point of care (POC)-based. The immunosensor is configured to work in the range from 100 ng/mL to 1 fg/mL, and has tendency to detect even traces of the tropomyosin. The immunosensor is capable to detect traces even less than 1 fg/mL, hence having high specificity for Tro-Ag detection in food products with distinguished repeatability.

This document relates to methods and materials for detecting the presence or absence of misfolded polypeptides in a sample. For example, methods and materials for amplifying a sample (e.g., a biological sample or an environmental sample) such that misfolded polypeptides present in the sample can aggregate to form fibrils and/or globular polypeptide aggregates and contacting the amplified sample with a solution containing metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold nanoparticles) or one or more organic dyes (e.g., Congo Red) to detect the presence or absence of fibrils and/or globular polypeptide aggregates are provided. In some cases, methods and materials for determining if a mammal (e.g., a human) has a proteinopathy based, at least in part, in the presence or absence of misfolded polypeptides in a sample obtained from the mammal are provided.

Methods of determining the presence or absence or local concentration of an analyte in a sample or an individual or a portion thereof using ratiometric sensing and optical super-resolution microscopy (OSRM). The methods use aluminosilicate nanoparticles that can be used in OSRM. The analytes can be biologically relevant analytes, such as, for example, biologically relevant hydrogen ions, oxygen, reactive oxygen species, anions, nitric oxide, metal ions, anions, etc. The methods utilize averaging to address aluminosilicate nanoparticle homogeneity. The methods can be used in methods of treatment.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

Described herein are fluid-manipulation-based devices. Fluid manipulations as described herein can be configured to perform assays on biological samples. In an embodiment, the device includes a reaction chamber, which can includes an integrated sample isolation module, a cell lysis module, a biological target purification module, and an assay mixing module, which can include a microbead with a capture molecule coupled thereto and a nanoparticle having a probe molecule coupled thereto via a label, which can be a spectroscopic label. In an embodiment, the capture and probe molecules can be configured to be coupled together via a biological target to form a biological molecule bead complex. Devices and methods as described herein can manipulate and analyze nanoliter volumes of fluid, microliter volumes of fluid, milliliter volumes of fluid, or greater. Embodiments of the present disclosure can enable random biological assays and rapid, simultaneous analysis of multiple biological samples.

The present invention relates to a method of capturing, enriching, purifying, detecting or measuring a cell in a sample at a sub-nanogram level comprising providing a nanocomposition, contacting the sample with the nanocomposition to form a mixture solution and allowing the binding of the cell with the nanocomposition, applying a magnetic field to the mixture, and evaluating the presence of or absence of the cell. The nanocomposition is capable of capturing or enriching an analyte at a sub-nanogram level, and comprise a nanostructure operably linked to an analyte-capturing member.

Described herein are compositions useful for the detection of analytes. In certain embodiments, the invention relates among other things to DNA-encapsulated single -walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with an antibody or other analyte-binding species, for detection and/or imaging of an analyte in a biological sample or subject. Other embodiments described herein include systems, methods, and devices utilizing such compositions for ex vivo biomarker quantification, tissue optical probes, and in vivo analyte detection and quantification. In one aspect the invention relates to a single -walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sensor, comprising a SWCNT; a polymer associated with the SWCNT; and an analyte-binding species. Detection of one or more analytes is achieved by measuring changes in fluorescence intensity, shifts in fluorescence wavelength, and/or other characteristics in the spectral characteristics of the described compositions.