Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to a photothermal immunoassay employing a thermometer or colorimetric detection method for sensitive quantitative readout based on the photothermal effect provided by a detection reagent.

Disclosed is a method and a kit for multi-color cell imaging with dark field optical microscopy using noble metal conjugated nanoparticles. The noble metal conjugated nanoparticles include a stabilizer component and a binding ligand, the stabilizer component coats a portion of the noble metal nanoparticle keeping it stable in biological buffers and cell cytoplasm. The binding ligand specifically binds to targeted cells designated for imaging. The method and kit permit multicolor imaging of cells, with the multiple colors being derived from localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles, each color the result of different amounts of one or more noble metals in the nanoparticle.

Disclosed is a method for enhancing the optical signal of precious metal nanoparticles by introducing linker molecules for precious metal nanoparticles to form clusters in a stable colloidal suspension. The formation of clusters according to the present disclosure not only enhances the optical signal, but also can alter the optical spectrum, providing an alternative color for use in visual-based bioassays such as lateral flow immunoassays against the white test paper strips. The formed clusters are capable of passive adsorption of a variety of biomolecules which effectively bind onto the surface, requiring a minimum modification in the bio-assay protocol from that use for standard gold nanoparticles, which is being widely-used in lateral flow immunoassays.

There is provided a biological substance quantitation method of quantitating a biological substance in a sample stained with a staining reagent including a fluorescent particle encapsulating a fluorescent substance, based on a fluorescence of the fluorescent substance. The method includes inputting a fluorescent image representing expression of the biological substance in the sample by a fluorescent bright spot; and quantitating an expression amount of the biological substance based on a fluorescence of the fluorescent bright spot. The biological substance is a nucleoprotein expressed at a cell nucleus. The fluorescent particle binds to the biological substance through a primary antibody which is directed against the biological substance as an antigen.

This disclosure relates generally to lab-on-chip diagnostic platforms, and in particular, relates to detection of extracellular vesicle biomarkers using lab-on-a-chip diagnostics. The properties of extracellular vesicles provide the opportunity for early detection of biomarkers corresponding to early disease. Combinatorial detection of the presence of multiple cancer-associated biomarkers from extracellular vesicles along with analysis with advanced machine learning algorithms, may be useful for sensitive and specific diagnosis of early cancer and other diseases from biological fluids. Disclosed herein are compositions, methods, and exosome detection apparatus for biomarker detection.

The present disclosure relates to a novel method for lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) by utilizing plasmonic enhancement strategy. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a plasmonic enhanced lateral flow sensor (pLFS) concept by introducing a liposome-based amplification of the colorimetric signals on the lateral flow platform for ultrasensitive detection of pathogens.

A method for making metal nanorods comprises combining a source of metal cations with at least one surfactant to form a mixture, wherein the metal cations are reduced and the metal nanorods are produced. Metal nanorods produced by the method and uses thereof. The metal nanorods are useful in devices such as lateral flow devices.

A method for analyzing or detecting methimazole (MTZ) comprising contacting a sample suspected of containing MTZ with the dendrimer-stabilized silver nanoparticles and performing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Graphene-dendrimer-stabilized silver nanoparticles (G-D-Ag).

A nanoconjugate that includes multiple antibody agents bonded to a single nanoparticles via a linker to form a conjugate having either electrostatic or covalent bonding or that retains original properties of the multiple antibody types prior to formation of the conjugate. Preferred methods provide for multiple antibody types attached to a single nanoparticle via electrostatic attachment, covalent or mixed covalent and electrostatic attachment.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of blue-fluorescence emitting carbon dots (CDTs) from sub-bituminous tertiary high sulfur Indian coals. More particularly, the present invention relates to the production of characteristics carbon dots from low-quality Indian coals by an ultrasonic-assisted wet-chemical method. Also, the present invention provides a simple and environmentally benign method for fabrication of characteristics and size-controlled carbon dots.