The objective of the present invention is to provide the biomarker that enables carly finding and diagnosis of the oral cancer and precancerous lesion. This objective is reached with a method for detecting an oral neoplastic lesion comprising detecting phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in an oral tissue or oral-derived cells collected from a subject.

A method for analyzing macromolecules, including peptides, polypeptides, and proteins, employing nucleic acid encoding is disclosed.

Described herein are systems and methods for analyzing biological samples. Including a method for processing an analyte, comprising providing a fluidic device comprising the analyte and one or more polymer precursors; selecting a discrete area within said fluidic device; providing an energy source in optical communication with fluidic device; and selectively supplying a unit of energy generated from the energy source to the fluidic device to generate a polymer matrix within the fluidic device, wherein the polymer matrix is within the discrete area or adjacent to the discrete area.

Methods, apparatuses and systems are described that are capable of simultaneously determining the presence, identities or levels of multiple analytes present in a single sample, by carrying out steps including denaturation, normalization, extraction, mixed-mode liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, whereby the presence, identities or levels of analytes in the single sample are determined.

The present invention relates to the field of biomarkers. More specifically, the present invention relates to biomarkers useful in diagnosing brain injury or neurodegeneration. In one embodiment, a method for diagnosing brain injury in a patient comprises the steps of (a) obtaining a sample from the patient; (b) determining the ratio of citrullinated to unmodified arginine residues at one or more arginine residues of one or more brain injury biomarker proteins; and (c) correlating the ratio to a patient having brain injury or to a patient not having brain injury, thereby providing the diagnosis.

Provided herein is a method and system for monitoring a post-translational modification and glycosylation of a polypep-tide, and in particular, to an online i.e. automated method for real-time monitoring of a post-translational modification of a recombinant protein produced in cell culture. The methods and systems to detect and quantify post-translational modifications of proteins involve flow injection analysis (FIA), affinity columns, spectrometry, digestion and peptide mapping.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods of use thereof for interrogating a cell.

A set of polypeptides including a plurality of different polypeptides, each of the different polypeptides including a non-naturally occurring amino acid sequence, wherein a set of different epitopes occurs in the set of polypeptides, each of the different epitopes occurring in the non-naturally occurring amino acid sequence of a subset of the different polypeptides, and the non-naturally occurring amino acid sequence of each of the different polypeptides including a plurality of different epitopes of the set of epitopes.

Provided herein are methods of preparing a protein sample for proteomic analysis. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises (a) contacting a blood sample comprising proteins with a protective agent comprising an anticoagulant (AC) and an aldehyde releaser (AR), to obtain a mixture, optionally, wherein the blood sample is added to a blood collection tube (BCT) comprising the protective agent, and (b) isolating a fraction comprising proteins or a source of proteins from the mixture to yield a protein sample or a source of a protein sample, wherein steps of the method are carried out in the absence of exogenous proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, wherein the protein sample is suitable for proteomic and peptidomedic analysis.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.