The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting T helper cell or CTL subpopulations in a subject affected by disease or disorder having an immune component. The methods are also useful for determining efficacy of a treatment of the disease or disorder by detecting skewing of the T helper cells and CTLs in a therapeutic or adverse direction.

Provided herein is a point-of-care assay for detecting and differentiating between viral and bacterial infections, which effectively assists in the rapid differentiation of viral and bacterial infections. More particularly, an immunoassay that rapidly distinguishes between viral and/or bacterial infections is provided, wherein the viral marker is the interferon induced Mx-B protein and the bacterial markers are CRP/PCT/BPI.