The invention relates to the compounds and methods for inhibiting the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. More particularly, the invention relates to compounds and methods for inhibiting the CDKI pathway for studies of and intervention in senescence-related and other CDKI-related diseases. The invention provides new compounds having improved solubility and/or potency, and methods for their use. In various aspects, the invention relates to the treatment of cancer. The invention provides methods for chemoprevention and prevention of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The invention further provides diagnostic techniques for treatment for certain cancer types. The invention utilizes specific inhibitors of CDK8/19 and/or measurement of CDK8 levels in a patient.

The present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer by immune checkpoint blockade, or selecting patients for treatment with immune checkpoint blockers, by detecting tumors with high levels of T-lymphocytes with low levels of activation and proliferation. In various embodiments the tissue sample may be from a conventional biopsy. In various embodiments the cancer may be non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods are provided for identifying colon cancer patients whose genome shows either microsatellite stability (MSS) and/or a low tumor mutational burden (TMB) with a good prognosis, irrespective of treatment strategy. Specific protein fragment peptides of the p16 protein are precisely detected and quantitated by SRM-mass spectrometry directly in MSS and/or low TMB colon tumor cells collected from colon tumor tissue that was obtained from a colon cancer patient. The measured p16 levels are compared to p16 reference levels to determine if the MSS and/or low TMB colon cancer patient will have a longer overall survival.

The invention relates generally to the treatment of multiple myeloma. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).

Methods of treating a cancer in a patient are provided. The methods can include obtaining a tumor sample from a patient, detecting whether CCNG1 gene expression is present in the tumor sample, diagnosing the patient with a CCNG1 inhibitor-responsive cancer when the presence of CCNG1 gene expression in the tumor sample is detected, and/or administering an effective amount of a CCNG1 inhibitor to the diagnosed patient. CCNG1 inhibitors can include a viral vector having a binding peptide that is configured to bind one or more signature (SIG) elements of an invading tumor and at least one cytocidal gene. CCNG1 inhibitors including cell penetrating peptides are also provided.

Provided herein are methods of predicting a subject's response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally provided are methods of monitoring a subject's response to a chemotherapeutic drug over time, e.g., monitoring for chemotherapy resistance. The methods include enriching a sample for tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) and determining the relative level of a subject's drug-resistance biomarkers compared to a subject's drug-resistance biomarkers at a previous time point.

The present invention relates to a composition for improving memory including a Cyclin Y (CCNY) inhibitor as an active ingredient. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for improving memory in a subject comprising administering the composition for improving memory to the subject. The present invention may reveal a CCNY-oriented molecular mechanism with respect to learning and memory, help understand causes of brain diseases associated with memory problems, and ultimately be applied in the treatment and diagnosis of brain memory disorders such as dementia.

The invention relates generally to the treatment of multiple myeloma. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).

The invention relates generally to the treatment of multiple myeloma. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).

The invention provides methods of monitoring differential gene expression of biomarkers to determine patient sensitivity to Cyclin Dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi), methods of determining the sensitivity of a cell to a CDKi, methods of treating a patient with a CDKi and methods of screening for candidate CDKi.