Provided are methods of selecting for cells that comprise two or more separate expression constructs. In certain embodiments, the methods comprise contacting a population of cells with two or more separate expression constructs under conditions in which the two or more expression constructs are delivered to cells of the population of cells. The two or more separate expression constructs comprise a first expression construct that encodes a fusion protein comprising a selection marker, a protein localization tag, and a protease cleavage site disposed between the selection marker and the protein localization tag. The second expression construct encodes a protein required for cell surface expression of the selection marker. Such methods further comprise selecting for cells exhibiting cell surface expression of the selection marker. Related cells, compositions, kits and therapeutic methods are also provided.

The crystal structure at 2.16 resolution of the full-length bacterial bifunctional transglycosylase penicillin-binding protein 1b (PBP1b) from Escherichia coli, in complex with its inhibitor moenomycin, is provided. The atomic coordinates of the complex as well as the moenomycin binding site are provided. Three dimensional structures of amino acid residues involved in moenomycin binding and transglycosylation activity are identified. Binding site for peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors comprising inhibitor-binding site comprises amino acid residues from at least one of transglycosylase (TG), UvrB domain 2 homolog (UB2H) and transmembrane (TM) domains of PBP1b are identified at an atomic level of resolution. Methods for rational drug design based on the atomic coordinates are provided. Methods for screening for antibiotics based on anisotropic binding assay and transglycosylase inhibitor assays are provided. Novel antibiotics based on the screening assays of the invention are disclosed.

A method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer in a patient by detecting a level of one or more glycoforms of a Lewis antigen and a level of the one or more glycoforms of MUC5AC. The patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer then may be treated for this disease. Also, a method for detecting a level of a glycan in a sample which includes using a capture reagent to immobilize the glycan on a substrate; exposing the immobilized glycan to a detection reagent; detecting the level of the immobilized glycan; and combining the biological sample with one or more pre-capture enzymes and/or exposing the immobilized glycan to one or more pre-detection enzymes.

The present invention provides methods of synthesizing trehalose analogs; methods of detecting mycobacteria, and trehalose analogs.

A method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer in a patient by detecting a level of one or more glycoforms of a Lewis antigen and a level of the one or more glycoforms of MUC5AC. The patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer then may be treated for this disease. Also, a method for detecting a level of a glycan in a sample which includes using a capture reagent to immobilize the glycan on a substrate; exposing the immobilized glycan to a detection reagent; detecting the level of the immobilized glycan; and combining the biological sample with one or more pre-capture enzymes and/or exposing the immobilized glycan to one or more pre-detection enzymes.

This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating mammals (e.g., humans) having membranous nephropathy. For example, methods and materials for detecting the presence of autoantibodies specific for an EXT1 and/or EXT2 polypeptide as well as methods and materials for detecting the presence of kidney tissue having an elevated level of an EXT1 and/or EXT2 polypeptide are provided. In addition, methods and materials for treating membranous nephropathy by administering an immunosuppressant are provided.

The present invention is directed to 4-methylumbelliferone (hymecromone) or a derivative thereof for use in the treatment of major depressive disorder, mood disorders, anxiety-related disorders and depression associated with diseases or drug treatments including Alzheimer's disease, HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), psoriasis, chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Long COVID syndrome and drug treatment regimens with IFN-alpha or vitamin A analogues, promoted by pathogenic extracellular vesicles, wherein 4-methylumbelliferone inhibits hyaluronic acid (HA) synthases and block the incorporation of HA and/or low molecular weight cleavage products into said extracellular vesicles. The present invention is also directed to a method for monitoring the efficacy of the treatment and delivery of therapeutic cargo to cells incorporating pEV by means of HA-binding receptors. The present invention further provides an in vitro screening method for identifying further inhibitors of HA synthases.

Compositions and kits for exosome capture include an antibody specifically binding the human asparagine-linked glycosylation 6 homolog (ALG6). The compositions and kits may be employed in a method for diagnosing a disease or condition in a subject.

A method of rapidly determining a UGT-transferase substrate includes contacting a UGT-transferase with a UDP-sugar conjugate and a probe to form an assay mixture, subjecting the assay mixture to reaction conditions to form a reacted mixture, contacting the reacted mixture with a UDP-reactive dye under conditions suitable to associate the UDP with the UDP-reactive dye, and spectrophotometrically determining the amount of free UDP, wherein if the concentration of free UDP is greater than a concentration of free UDP in a reference sample prepared in the absence of the UGT-transferase, then the probe molecule is a designated a substrate.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in a companion animal using a nasal fluid sample, and to a kit including the same.