The present specification discloses SNAP-25 compositions, methods of making -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, methods of detecting BoNT/A activity, and methods of detecting neutralizing -BoNT/A antibodies.

Methods of detecting a local infection, critical colonization, or infection in a wound, predicting wound healing in a wound, and detecting bacterial pathogenesis in a wound are provided.

The present specification discloses SNAP-25 compositions, methods of making -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, methods of detecting BoNT/A activity, and methods of detecting neutralizing -BoNT/A antibodies.

The present disclosure provides antibodies that specifically bind to botulinum neurotoxins (e.g., BoNT/A, BoNT/B, BoNT/C, BoNT/D, BoNT/E, BoNT/F, BoNT/G, etc.) and the epitopes bound by those antibodies. The antibodies and derivatives thereof that specifically bind to the neutralizing epitopes provided herein can be used to neutralize botulinum neurotoxin and are therefore also useful in the treatment of botulism.

The present invention pertains to a method for the generation of neurotoxin-sensitive, neuronal differentiated cells comprising the steps of: a) cultivating tumor cells which are able to differentiate into neuronal cells in a culture medium under conditions and for a time which primes said tumor cells for neuronal differentiation; and b) cultivating the tumor cells primed for neuronal differentiation of a) in a differentiation medium having an osmolality of 100 to 270 mOsm/kg, and comprising (i) B27 supplement and/or (ii) N2 supplement, for at least 3 days, thereby obtaining neurotoxin-sensitive, neuronal differentiated cells. The invention further relates to neurotoxin-sensitive, neuronal differentiated cells obtainable by the method of the invention. In addition, the invention encompasses a method for determining the activity of a neurotoxin polypeptide comprising the steps of: a) contacting the neurotoxin-sensitive, neuronal differentiated cells obtainable by the method of the invention with a neurotoxin polypeptide; b) cultivating the neurotoxin-sensitive, neuronal differentiated cells of step a) for 3 to 74 hours or 72 hours under conditions which allow for the neurotoxin polypeptide to exert its biological activity; and c) determining the activity of the neurotoxin polypeptide in the said cells after cultivation according to step b). Finally, the invention provides for a medium comprising OptiMEM, FBS, B27 supplement, and N2 supplement.

Methods of detecting a local infection, critical colonization, or infection in a wound, predicting wound healing in a wound, and detecting bacterial pathogenesis in a wound are provided.

Provided herein is a large immuno-sorbent surface area assay (ALISSA) for the rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and anthrax toxin. This assay is designed to capture a low number of toxin molecules and to measure their intrinsic protease activity via conversion of a fluorogenic or luminescent substrate. Also provided herein are novel peptides that can be specifically cleaved by BoNT and novel peptides that are resistant to cleavage by BoNT. The combination of these cleavable and control peptides can be used for implementation of an exemplary ALISSA used to specifically detect BoNT enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the ALISSA as described herein may also be used in a column based format for use in a high-throughput system for testing large quantities of samples.

The object is to provide a lysis method, lysis treatment solution, detection method using an immunochromatographic device, and detection kit comprising an immunochromatographic device for detecting whether causative bacterium of mastitis is a staphylococcus or not by using milk of a livestock animal. There is provided a method for lysing a staphylococcus, which comprises the step of mixing a lysis agent containing a lytic enzyme, and at least one kind of ampholytic surfactant, and preferably further containing at least one kind of nonionic surfactant, with milk obtained form a livestock animal to lyse a staphylococcus existing in the milk. The lytic enzyme is preferably lysostaphin.

The present specification discloses SNAP-25 compositions, methods of making -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, -SNAP-25 antibodies that bind an epitope comprising a carboxyl-terminus at the P.sub.1 residue from the BoNT/A cleavage site scissile bond from a SNAP-25 cleavage product, methods of detecting BoNT/A activity, and methods of detecting neutralizing -BoNT/A antibodies.

The present invention relates to a novel endoprotease, mutants thereof having binding but lacking or having reduced hydrolyzing activity, and use in methods of studying and isolating O-linked glycoproteins.