A method including calculating a total electrical charge accumulated in a battery at the current time by Coulomb counting on the basis of a total electrical charge accumulated in the battery at a previous time and on the basis of a current supplied by the battery, calculating a stored charge state, equal to the total accumulated electrical charge divided by a maximum total charge, calculating an available electrical charge on the basis of a difference between the total electrical charge and a non-extractible electrical charge which cannot be extracted from the battery because of its temperature, calculating an available charge state, equal to the available electrical charge divided by a maximum available charge.

The charge drawn from a battery during each switching event (pulse) of a pulse frequency modulated DC-DC converter is determined during a calibration period. based on differences in pulse rate with different current loading. Another approach calibration approach determines charge drawn from the battery by measuring voltage across a sense resistor while measuring the total pulse rate and while adding sufficient load current to ensure that the voltage is much larger than the residual offset of the measurement system. During operation, the system counts number of pulses are counted and the total charge drawn from the battery is determined based, at least in part, on the charge transferred per pulse during calibration, the operational mode, the battery voltage during calibration and operationally and the output voltage. Based on the total charge drawn and temperature (for temperature dependent battery types), the battery state of charge is estimated.

A calibration current load is selectively coupled to an output of a pulse frequency modulated (PFM) DC-DC converter during a calibration operation to increase charge supplied from a battery supplying an input voltage to the converter. A voltage across a sense resistor in series with the battery is integrated during a measurement interval while the calibration current load is coupled to the output. A charge drawn per pulse from the battery is determined based on the sense resistor, the integrated voltage and the number of pulses during the measurement interval. Alternatively, a first PFM frequency is determined with a first calibration current load coupled to the converter output. A second PFM frequency is determined with a second calibration current load. The charge drawn per pulse from the battery is determined based on the first and second PFM frequencies and the first and second calibration current loads.

A connection conductor and a relay terminal are electrically connected together directly, the connection conductor being electrically connected to one of the two opposite electrode terminals of a battery cell, the relay terminal being provided to an extremity of a voltage detection conductor electrically connected to a voltage detector. The relay terminal has a fusible part operable to fuse and break when an overcurrent flows through the fusible part, wherein a sectional area of the fusible part perpendicular to a direction in which the voltage detection conductor extends is smaller than a sectional area of any other part of the relay terminal perpendicular to the direction.

A battery cell with a monitoring device comprising a data processing unit for processing state data of the battery cell as a function of a trigger pulse and a triggering unit, which is connected to the data processing unit, to generate the trigger pulse and to provide the trigger pulse to the data processing unit. The triggering unit is designed to evaluate a measurement signal, which correlates with an electrical energy of the battery cell in order to generate the trigger pulse as a function of the measurement signal. The invention further relates to a battery having such a battery cell as well as to a motor vehicle having such a battery. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one such battery cell.

A semiconductor device for measuring a voltage of a battery cell, including first and second nodes, and first and second battery voltage measurement units. The first node is configured to receive a first voltage, the first voltage being a voltage of a capacitor that accumulates an electric charge based on the voltage of the battery cell. The first battery voltage measurement unit measures the first voltage through a first path. The second node is configured to receive a second voltage based on the voltage of the battery cell, the second node being different from the first node. The second battery voltage measurement unit measures the second voltage through a second path that is different from the first path.

A method for calibrating a battery level, an electronic device and a storage medium. The method includes steps of: obtaining a turn-off type when the electronic device is last turned off after the electronic device is turned on; and obtaining a current battery level of the electronic device based on turn-off time and a turn-off remaining battery level when the electronic device is last turned off in case that the turn-off type is a first type. The first type includes that the first battery supplies power to the charging management module but not to peripheral circuit module and the coulometer after the electronic device is turned off. Compared with the case in the prior art of the current battery level obtained by using an OCV curve, the current battery level obtained by using the turn-off time and turn-off remaining battery level at the last turn-off is more accurate.

In an example, a battery management system may include a host microcontroller, which may be operated in accordance with a first clock signal; and a first analog front end (AFE) circuit. The first AFE circuit may be operated in accordance with a second clock signal that may be unsynchronized with the first clock signal. The first AFE circuit may also include first digital circuitry to (1) accumulate a first value corresponding to a number of ADC sample cycles of the first ADC, and to (2) accumulate a second value corresponding to the digital output representative of the first battery current for the ADC sample cycles accumulated in the first value. The first AFE circuit may transfer a representation of the first value and a representation of the second value to the host microcontroller in response to a request from the host microcontroller.

An apparatus for battery state of charge (SOC) estimation, including: a pre-processing unit (200), configured for detecting operating parameters of a batters, and filtering at least part of the parameters to generate filtered parameters; an SOC estimating unit (300), configured for calculating nominal SOC by using a first neural network based on the operating parameters and the filtered parameters; a validity estimating unit (400), configured for estimating a validity value based on the operating parameters and the filtered parameters, the validity value indicating validity of the nominal SOC outputted by the SOC estimating unit (300); an SOC Kalman filter (500), configured for performing a Kalman filtering algorithm based on the operating parameters, the nominal SOC transmitted and the validity value, thereby outputting an estimated SOC of the battery.

Systems, circuit arrangements, and circuit operation that determine the state of charge of a battery used to provide power to an electrically powered device. The example circuit arrangement of this disclosure may include a selectable sense resistor circuit, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a programmable gain preamplifier, an integrator, and a comparator configured to sample the sense resistor measurement and determine an amount of charge from the battery per unit time. The circuit operation may also include slow chop technique to cancel residual input referred offset, where slow refers to a chop period that is much longer than the clock period and sample period. By counting the total charge amount used by the electrically powered device and knowing the initial battery charge level at the beginning of life for the battery, the system of this disclosure may determine the state of charge of the battery.