The present disclosure generally relates to an apparatus (100) and method for measuring an object (200) embedded in a structure (210). The apparatus (100) comprises: a first antenna (110a) and a second antenna (110b) with respective perpendicular and parallel polarizations; a measurement instrument (120); and a control system (130). The measurement instrument (120) transmits and measures radio signals reflected from the object (200). The control system (130) generates a first representation (250) and a second representation (260) of the object (200) based on the measured radio signals from the first antenna (110a) and second antenna (110b), respectively. The control system (130) then measures a size of the object (200) from the first and second representations (250,260).

The present disclosure generally relates to an apparatus (100) and method for measuring an object (200) embedded in a structure (210). The apparatus (100) comprises: a first antenna (110a) and a second antenna (110b) with respective perpendicular and parallel polarizations; a measurement instrument (120); and a control system (130). The measurement instrument (120) transmits and measures radio signals reflected from the object (200). The control system (130) generates a first representation (250) and a second representation (260) of the object (200) based on the measured radio signals from the first antenna (110a) and second antenna (110b), respectively. The control system (130) then measures a size of the object (200) from the first and second representations (250,260).

A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) scanner for investigating a sub-surface, wherein the GPR scanner comprises an antenna assembly configured for transmitting and receiving ultra-wide band (UWB) signals. The GPR scanner further comprises a directional coupler, a UWB signal generator configured for providing outgoing UWB signals through the directional coupler to the antenna assembly, a UWB signal sampling unit configured for receiving incoming UWB signals from the antenna assembly through the directional coupler, and an impedance. The directional coupler is configured as a balanced UWB directional coupler. It comprises a first port configured for receiving positive outgoing UWB signals from the UWB signal generator and a second port configured for receiving negative outgoing UWB signals from the UWB signal generator, wherein the second port is balanced with the first port.

A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) scanner for investigating a sub-surface, wherein the GPR scanner comprises an antenna assembly configured for transmitting and receiving ultra-wide band (UWB) signals. The GPR scanner further comprises a directional coupler, a UWB signal generator configured for providing outgoing UWB signals through the directional coupler to the antenna assembly, a UWB signal sampling unit configured for receiving incoming UWB signals from the antenna assembly through the directional coupler, and an impedance. The directional coupler is configured as a balanced UWB directional coupler. It comprises a first port configured for receiving positive outgoing UWB signals from the UWB signal generator and a second port configured for receiving negative outgoing UWB signals from the UWB signal generator, wherein the second port is balanced with the first port.

A scan aggregator and filter for an autonomous vehicle includes a plurality of radar sensors, where each radar sensor performs a plurality of individual scans of a surrounding environment to obtain data in the form of a radar point cloud including a plurality of detection points. The scan aggregator and filter also includes an automated driving controller in electronic communication with the plurality of radar sensors. The automated driving controller is instructed to filter each of the individual scans to define a spatial region of interest and to remove the detection points of the radar point cloud that represent moving objects based on a first outlier-robust model estimation algorithm. The automated driving controller aggregates a predefined number of individual scans together based on a motion compensated aggregation technique to create an aggregated data scan and applies a plurality of density-based clustering algorithms to filter the aggregated data scan.

A scan aggregator and filter for an autonomous vehicle includes a plurality of radar sensors, where each radar sensor performs a plurality of individual scans of a surrounding environment to obtain data in the form of a radar point cloud including a plurality of detection points. The scan aggregator and filter also includes an automated driving controller in electronic communication with the plurality of radar sensors. The automated driving controller is instructed to filter each of the individual scans to define a spatial region of interest and to remove the detection points of the radar point cloud that represent moving objects based on a first outlier-robust model estimation algorithm. The automated driving controller aggregates a predefined number of individual scans together based on a motion compensated aggregation technique to create an aggregated data scan and applies a plurality of density-based clustering algorithms to filter the aggregated data scan.

A semiconductor device includes a data obtaining unit that obtains a plurality of data items each indicating a result of observation from a plurality of radars for observing surroundings, converts the plurality of data items into data items in a polar coordinate format, and stores them in a storage unit, an axial position converting unit that performs conversion on the plurality of data items in the polar coordinate data format stored in the storage unit so that their axial positions will be the same, generates the plurality of data items on which axial position conversion has been performed, and stores them in the storage unit, a data superimposing unit that superimposes the plurality of data items on which the axial position conversion has been performed to generate superimposed data, and a coordinate converting unit that converts the superimposed data into data in a Cartesian coordinate format.

A semiconductor device includes a data obtaining unit that obtains a plurality of data items each indicating a result of observation from a plurality of radars for observing surroundings, converts the plurality of data items into data items in a polar coordinate format, and stores them in a storage unit, an axial position converting unit that performs conversion on the plurality of data items in the polar coordinate data format stored in the storage unit so that their axial positions will be the same, generates the plurality of data items on which axial position conversion has been performed, and stores them in the storage unit, a data superimposing unit that superimposes the plurality of data items on which the axial position conversion has been performed to generate superimposed data, and a coordinate converting unit that converts the superimposed data into data in a Cartesian coordinate format.

A system and a method of generating a three-dimensional terrain model using one-dimensional interferometry of a rotating radar unit is provided herein. Height information is evaluated from phase differences between two echoes by applying a Kalman filter in relation to a phase confidence map that is generated from phase forward projections relating to formerly analyzed phase data. The radar system starts from a flat earth model and gathers height information of the actual terrain as the platform approaches it. Height ambiguities are corrected by removing redundant 2 multiples from the unwrapped phase difference between the echoes.

A system and a method of generating a three-dimensional terrain model using one-dimensional interferometry of a rotating radar unit is provided herein. Height information is evaluated from phase differences between two echoes by applying a Kalman filter in relation to a phase confidence map that is generated from phase forward projections relating to formerly analyzed phase data. The radar system starts from a flat earth model and gathers height information of the actual terrain as the platform approaches it. Height ambiguities are corrected by removing redundant 2 multiples from the unwrapped phase difference between the echoes.