Methods and systems include, in at least one aspect: determining an optical model of an object in flight using two dimensional image data obtained from a camera, determining a radar model of the object in flight using radar data obtained from a radar device, connecting the optical model and the radar model in time using a timestamp derived for the camera and the radar device based on a difference between a duration required by the camera to produce an image frame and a duration required by the radar device to produce a radar reading, and producing three dimensional location information of the object in flight in three dimensional space using the optical model and the radar model connected in time using the timestamp.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects includes, in at least one aspect, a method including obtaining two dimensional image data of a golf ball in flight, the two dimensional image data originating from a camera; obtaining radar data of the golf ball in flight, the radar data originating from a Doppler radar device associated with the camera; interpolating the radar data to generate interpolated radar data of the golf ball in flight; and blending radial distance information derived from the interpolated radar data of the golf ball in flight with angular distance information derived from the two dimensional image data of the golf ball in flight to form three dimensional location information of the golf ball in three dimensional space.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects includes, in at least one aspect, a method including obtaining (from a camera) two dimensional image data of a golf ball in flight; obtaining radar data (originating from a Doppler radar device) of the golf ball in flight; fitting a curve to the radar data to generate a continuous function of time for the radar data of the golf ball in flight; determining three dimensional location information of the golf ball in three dimensional space including, for each of multiple camera observations, finding a radial distance using the continuous function and a time of the camera observation, finding a depth distance, finding a horizontal distance and finding a vertical distance to the golf ball; and providing the three dimensional location information of the golf ball in three dimensional space to augment other data before display.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for 3D flight tracking of objects includes, in at least one aspect, a method including obtaining (from a camera) two dimensional image data of a golf ball in flight; obtaining radar data (originating from a Doppler radar device) of the golf ball in flight; fitting a curve to the radar data to generate a continuous function of time for the radar data of the golf ball in flight; determining three dimensional location information of the golf ball in three dimensional space including, for each of multiple camera observations, finding a radial distance using the continuous function and a time of the camera observation, finding a depth distance, finding a horizontal distance and finding a vertical distance to the golf ball; and providing the three dimensional location information of the golf ball in three dimensional space to augment other data before display.

A method may include capturing image data associated with an object in a defined environment at one or more points in time. The method may include capturing radar data associated with the object in the defined environment at the same points in time. The method may include obtaining, by a machine learning model, the image data and the radar data associated with the object in the defined environment. The method may include pairing each image datum with a corresponding radar datum based on a chronological occurrence of the image data and the radar data. The method may include generating, by the machine learning model, a three-dimensional motion representation associated with the object that is associated with the image data and the radar data.

Methods and systems include, in at least one aspect: determining an optical model of an object in flight using two dimensional image data obtained from a camera, determining a radar model of the object in flight using radar data obtained from a radar device, connecting the optical model and the radar model in time using a timestamp derived for the camera and the radar device based on a difference between a duration required by the camera to produce an image frame and a duration required by the radar device to produce a radar reading, and producing three dimensional location information of the object in flight in three dimensional space using the optical model and the radar model connected in time using the timestamp.

Techniques for using optical sensing by wireless network nodes to assist with positioning of user equipment (UE) are provided. In some embodiments, such techniques may include sending first configuration information to the UE, the first configuration information indicative of how optical sensory data is to be obtained with the UE; receiving the optical sensory data from the UE; and based at least on the optical sensory data received from the UE, determining angular information regarding wireless transmissions between at least one wireless network node and the UE.

Methods and systems include, in at least one aspect: determining an optical model of an object in flight using two dimensional image data obtained from a camera, the two dimensional image data including observations of the object in flight; determining a radar model of the object in flight using radar data obtained from a radar device, the radar data including observations of the object in flight; using different types of ball motion modelling for different portions of observations of the object in flight; and producing three dimensional location information of the object in flight in three dimensional space using the optical model and the radar model connected in time and based on the different types of ball motion modelling.

Techniques for beam alignment with a user equipment (UE) are provided. In some embodiments, such techniques may include receiving first configuration information from a network entity, the first configuration information indicative of how optical sensory data is to be obtained with the UE; obtaining the optical sensory data with a sensor of the UE; and based at least on the optical sensory data, obtaining angular information regarding wireless transmissions between at least one wireless network node and the UE.