Systems, devices, methods, and computer-readable media improved synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. A method includes identifying, based on sourced elevation data, N lock down points on a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, where N is an integer greater than one, determining, based on radar pulse data and the N lock down points, a slant range for each of the N lock down points resulting in N slant ranges, interpolating, based on the N slant ranges, slant ranges for pixels on an imaging grid of the SAR image resulting in interpolated slant ranges, and back-projecting, based on the interpolated slant ranges and the N slant ranges, the radar pulse data resulting in the SAR image.

A system and method for compressing temporal stacks of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images while preserving interferometric properties. The system receives multiple SAR images acquired over time, aligns them through coregistration, and maintains phase continuity across the temporal sequence. A three-dimensional discrete cosine transform processes both spatial and temporal dimensions, creating hybrid subbands organized by frequency content and temporal change characteristics. The system employs a change-aware encoder that selectively uses differential encoding for small changes between frames and full encoding at adaptive keyframe intervals. A temporal coherence network with separate pathways for amplitude and phase information ensures consistency across the image stack. The compressed output preserves interferometric coherence properties essential for applications such as ground deformation monitoring and change detection. The system achieves compression ratios from 10:1 to 50:1 for static content while maintaining higher quality for rapidly changing features.

A method includes transmitting radar signals toward a target area via a phased array antenna of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna system, receiving reflected radar signals from the target area, performing, via a signal processor, one or more SAR algorithms to convert the reflected radar signals into one or more images, video, and/or measurements of the target area, receiving one or more of ground-based visual data, aerial data, and/or historical or architectural data, integrating the ground-based visual data, the aerial data, and/or the historical or architectural data with the one or more images, video, and/or measurements produced by the SAR antenna system to produce a cohesive visualization, and sending the visualization to a user device for display and interaction therewith.

A surface deformation monitoring method and systems based on time-series InSAR (TS-InSAR) are provided. The method includes acquiring Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data; performing differential interferometry; performing a robust two-tier multi-temporal InSAR method for detection of Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Distributed Scatterer (DS) candidates to acquire time series data for surface deformation monitoring; performing a variational mode decomposition (VMD) method to decompose TS-InSAR data into a plurality of components; reconstructing time series data; performing a gated recurrent unit (GRU) method; extracting trend of surface deformation; and performing continuous large-scale deformation monitoring. The InSAR-based deformation monitoring method integrates VMD and GRU, offering significant improvements in robustness and accuracy over the existing methods.

A detection system includes a phased array antenna having unitary radiating elements, the system being suitable for, in each cycle, successively directing, by way of the successive application of a first and a second determined phase law to the electrical signals for supplying power to the array antenna, the antenna radiation towards a first target area (Z1), then a second target area (Z2), which is separate from the first target area (Z1), and determining an image of each target area (Z1) on the basis of the echoes received from each of the first and second target areas.