A system and a method may detect underground water or gas leakage. The method may include receiving a first scan of an area including an underground gas pipe at a first polarization, the first scan including first microwave reflections of the area at a wavelength range of 3.8 cm to 1.3 m; receiving additional data, filtering electromagnetic noise from the first scan using the additional data; creating a water roughness map based on typical roughness values of a set of types of water sources and the filtered first scan; identifying one or more water accumulations at one or more locations along the gas pipe using the water roughness map and the filtered first scan and calculating the water content at the one or more locations along the gas pipe based on the identified one or more water accumulations.

A radar device includes: an aperture surface including element antennas and phase shifters; an antenna phase control unit for calculating phase amounts based on a beam orientation direction and a rotation angle of the aperture surface; an antenna driving control unit for setting a rotation angle to a rotation mechanism; a signal processing unit for detecting a target with the use of the radar receiver, setting at least one of the rotation angle of the aperture surface or the beam orientation direction in the antenna driving control unit and the antenna phase control unit, and calculating the level of competing cluttering with the use of an antenna pattern, to thereby determine propriety of the rotation angle; and a pattern calculating unit for calculating the antenna pattern from the rotation angle of the aperture surface and from the beam orientation direction.

An embodiment of a method for processing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image data includes acquiring a multi-polarization SAR image of a terrestrial region, pre-processing the SAR image to remove or reduce radiometric and geometric errors, and separating the SAR image into a plurality of channels, each channel representing an image associated with a different polarization mode. The method also includes calculating a characteristic of the region for each polarization channel, acquiring ground data and estimating the characteristic of the region based on the ground data, estimating a correlation of the calculated characteristic for each polarization channel with the estimated characteristic based on the ground data, selecting one or more polarization channels having a correlation exceeding a selected value, and generating a SAR image including only the selected polarization channels based on the comparison.

A conformal antenna system for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) applications, the system comprising a tubular POD, a curved vertically polarized radio frequency (RF) antenna conformally integrated into a curved surface of the tubular POD at a first location, and a curved horizontally polarized RF antenna conformally integrated into the curved surface of the tubular POD at a second location, wherein the first location and the second location are arranged such that the curved vertically polarized RF antenna and the curved horizontally polarized RF antenna share a common RF emission axis.

A detection system includes a phased array antenna having unitary radiating elements, the system being suitable for, in each cycle, successively directing, by way of the successive application of a first and a second determined phase law to the electrical signals for supplying power to the array antenna, the antenna radiation towards a first target area (Z1), then a second target area (Z2), which is separate from the first target area (Z1), and determining an image of each target area (Z1) on the basis of the echoes received from each of the first and second target areas.