Apparatus and methods useful in surveying to provide information rich models. In particular, information not readily or possibly provided by conventional survey techniques can be provided. In some versions targets provide reference for baseline positioning or improving position information otherwise acquired. Scanning may be carried out in multiple locations and merged to form a single image. Machine mounted and hand mounted scanning apparatus is disclosed.

Apparatus and methods useful in surveying to provide information rich models. In particular, information not readily or possibly provided by conventional survey techniques can be provided. In some versions targets provide reference for baseline positioning or improving position information otherwise acquired. Scanning may be carried out in multiple locations and merged to form a single image. Machine mounted and hand mounted scanning apparatus is disclosed.

Apparatus and methods useful in surveying to provide information rich models. In particular, information not readily or possibly provided by conventional survey techniques can be provided. In some versions targets provide reference for baseline positioning or improving position information otherwise acquired. Scanning may be carried out in multiple locations and merged to form a single image. Machine mounted and hand mounted scanning apparatus is disclosed.

A process and systems for constructing arbitrarily large virtual arrays using two or more collection platforms (e.g. AUX and MOV systems) having differing velocity vectors. Referred to as Motion Extended Array Synthesis (MXAS), the resultant imaging system is comprised of the collection of baselines that are created between the two collection systems as a function of time. Because of the unequal velocity vectors, the process yields a continuum of baselines over some range, which constitutes an offset imaging system (OIS) in that the baselines engendered are similar to those for a real aperture of the same size as that swept out by the relative motion, but which are offset by some (potentially very large) distance.

An electromagnetic wave imaging method, system, and apparatus are provided. The method includes collecting an electromagnetic echo signal, where the electromagnetic echo signal is used to indicate electromagnetic wave scattering feature information of a target object, obtaining location information of a reception point of the electromagnetic echo signal, where the location information indicates relative location information between the reception point and a positioning label, and performing electromagnetic wave imaging on the target object based on the electromagnetic wave scattering feature information and the location information.