The wavelength response of an arrayed waveguide grating can be tuned, in accordance with various embodiments, using a beam sweeper including one or more heaters to shift a lateral position of light focused by the beam sweeper at an interface of the beam sweeper with an input free propagation region of the arrayed waveguide grating.

A device includes a first excitation light source that emits first excitation light, a second excitation light source that emits second excitation light, a wavelength converter that converts signal light of a first wavelength into signal light of a second wavelength according to the first excitation light, and a measurer that measures a frequency difference between the first excitation light and the second excitation light, wherein when an abnormality of the first excitation light is detected, the second excitation light source is adjusted so that a frequency of the second excitation light is aligned with a frequency of the first excitation light before the abnormality detection, based on the frequency difference before the abnormality detection, and the wavelength converter converts the signal light of the first wavelength into the signal light of the second wavelength according to the second excitation light, after adjusting the frequency of the second excitation light.

The wavelength response of an arrayed waveguide grating can be tuned, in accordance with various embodiments, using a beam sweeper including one or more heaters to shift a lateral position of light focused by the beam sweeper at an interface of the beam sweeper with an input free propagation region of the arrayed waveguide grating.

A hybrid spiral waveguide geometry is proposed that exhibits essentially zero curvature (i.e., infinite bend radius) at the center of the spiral (similar to a Fermat spiral), with the curvature then increasing in value as the spiral moves outward. Advantageously, as the spiral moves away from the center, the spacing between adjacent waveguides quickly approaches a constant value (similar to an Archimedean spiral). This hybrid spiral structure has been found to allow for a high density waveguide to be created with lower loss and requiring a smaller size than many conventional spiral configurations and finds use in optical delay lines, amplifiers and arrayed waveguide gratings.

To provide an image display device that is advantageous in terms of a reduction in deterioration in image quality due to birefringence in an optical element of an ocular optical system in which polarized light is used, the image display device includes an ocular optical system including a polarization element and configured to guide light from an image display element toward an eyeball of an observer. The ocular optical system includes at least one optical element that has a forming gate mark in a part of an outer periphery. The forming gate mark is disposed in a direction of an apex of an image display region of the image display element with respect to a point on an optical axis of the ocular optical system in a cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of the ocular optical system.

An optical circuit includes an input waveguide, an arrayed waveguide including a plurality of output waveguides, a coupler, an electrode capable of applying a voltage to each of the output waveguides of the arrayed waveguide, and a chip unit to which the input waveguide, the coupler, and a portion of the arrayed waveguide are fixed. The arrayed waveguide is divided into a phase shifter portion capable of generating a predetermined phase difference between adjacent ones of the output waveguides, a beam portion having a cantilever structure that is not fixed by the chip unit, and a waveguide portion between the phase shifter portion and the beam portion. The electrode is capable of applying positive and negative voltages to the beam portion of the arrayed waveguide such that positive and negative voltages are alternately applied to adjacent ones of the output waveguides.

The invention provides a vessel (1) comprising a hull (21) with a coating layer (100), the vessel (1) further comprising an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an optical medium and a light source configured to provide UV radiation, wherein the optical medium (270) is transmissive for light, wherein the optical medium comprises a radiation escape surface and a second optical medium surface with at least part of the transmissive optical medium material configured between said radiation escape surface and said second optical medium surface, wherein the optical medium is configured adjacent to at least part of the coating layer with the second optical medium surface configured closer to the hull (21) than the radiation escape surface, wherein the anti-biofouling system (200) is configured to provide said UV-radiation downstream from said radiation escape surface in a direction away from said hull (21), and wherein the vessel (1) further comprises a pattern comprising colored segments and UV reflective segments with at least part of the transmissive optical medium material configured between said pattern and said radiation escape surface.

A transistor outline package is provided that includes a header with a mounting area for an optoelectronic component. The header has a signal pin disposed in a feedthrough. The feedthrough is filled with an insulating material made of glass and/or glass ceramic. The feedthrough has a recessed area on at least one side that is not completely filled up with the insulating material. The recessed area defines a cavity at least partially around the signal pin and the signal pin has an enlarged portion in the recessed area.

Energy relays may be formed to have various surface profiles. Methods and devices are disclosed for forming energy relays with energy propagation paths configured to account for various energy relay surface profiles so that the energy relays can direct energy through the surfaces of the energy relays with the desired angular profiles and angular extent.

Provided is a novel beam delivery system for quantum computing applications that includes a beam delivery photonic integrated circuit on a chip and an optical relay assembly. The beam delivery photonic integrated circuit on a chip may contain one or more layers, and a layer may contain one or more inputs connecting one or more outputs. The optical relay assembly receives a beam or beams from one or more outputs from a layer of the beam delivery photonic integrated circuit. The optical relay assembly focuses each received beam on a corresponding position of an atomic object confinement apparatus.